The Electronic Hallway Snow Removal

This case study focuses on the public admistration and issues covered in this case study were centered on the snow removal activity within the city and the fact that all residents in the city deserved equal treatment from the public offices no one place was more important than the other. As observed regularly snow storms have paralyzed the everyday activities in many states.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Electronic Hallway: Snow Removal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Snow removal is an activity that is mandated on the local authority administration, whereby as the bylaws dictate, the City council has an obligation to provide the services efficiently without bias to all residents of the city. However in carrying out its obligations, the Manhattan public authority, which was in charge of the exercise failed to do so in a number of ways (Cheshire 1997). First as indicated above, the Authority failed to provide services equally to all residents according to Le May (2006), a public Authority ought to carry out its mandate without bias to the public, however the administration failed to do this whereby, in reference to the â€Å"electronic hallway case study on snow removal†, the theory of public administrations is to give and provide equal services to all citizens and residents affected by the snow storm, but the practice is that some parts of the city are favored and given preferential service while the rest of the city is left to suffer and the citizens are left and forced to fend for themselves. Thus as the case study indicates, Manhattan was highly favored during the snow removal exercise at the expense of the whole city. As a result of this biasness, the residents of the other cities, Queens, Brooklyn, the Bronx, and Staten Island accused Mayor John Lindsay for misusing the city’s snow removal reserves and showing preferential treatment towards Manhattan at the co st of the rest of the city. Personnel Administration and Unionism in Public Administration Apart from that where the city local administration displayed open bias, there are other issues that touch on Personnel Administration the Public body undertook various activities that were in contradiction to personnel administration these include: less staff which resulted to in adequate labor to tackle the snow removal process however the city administration resulted to hiring more personnel after an outcry fry various stake holders so as to have enough personnel to fight the snow. Another issue was that the snow removal equipment was also always breaking down but it was proposed that more mechanical staff to be hired to keep the equipment in use in perfect condition for such situations.Advertising Looking for assessment on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, the snow removal equipment was not enough fo r the whole city so more equipment was suggested to be bought, and hiring of private owned snow removing equipment when an urgent situation concerning snow arose. This was however solved as the Mayor and the relevant authority authorized for the purchase of more equipments hence showing according to Le May (2006) that public administration bodies should be autonomous in order to deliver its services and mandate without external political, economical and social pressures, nevertheless, they should a Bureaucratic process that ensures that services are delivered without bias or exploited by corrupt individuals in the administration. The actors who were concerned in this activity were the public administrators who were supposed to carry out the snow removal activity in the whole of the city. The city Mayor was to make sure that all the city residents got equal attention and service by the service providers. Some city residents were affected by the snow storm and could not get to their r espective places of work or school. The personal forces in this case study include the decisions the mayor made that showed prejudice to the rest of the city as only Manhattan was being serviced. The fact that most of the snow removal equipment was faulty and there was less personnel working shows that this was a personal force on the mayors side and also the employees themselves in that the equipment was not serviced regularly so that it could perform the work it was supposed to without problems on the employees side some of them could not make to work as the snow hindered their way. From the above there are various public administration concepts that the Administration failed to address when carrying out its mandate in the city. First, the administration failed to balance its values according to importance and preference as needed by any public body, instead in undertook activities like removing snow in some cities while totally neglecting the other areas which were in dire need o f the same services (Le May 1996). Also when it comes to balancing of values in the administration of the city, from the case study, one can note that, the city is divided into three sections that are primary, secondary and tertiary that is attended to in terms of priority. Primary and secondary sections are intended to allow police station, fire station and hospital vehicles to proceed to at least one or two blocks of an emergency in a tertiary street.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Electronic Hallway: Snow Removal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The theoretical perspectives that help us to understand what happened in the case are the carrying out a research on the city’s ability in such a snow crisis was carried out to categorize and eradicate the main weaknesses in snow removal program. The use of the US Weather Bureau statistics showing the patterns and amount of average snow fall, statisti cs on snow build up rates, the precedence plan invented to clear out major streets first. According to exhibit 5 the primary streets are the ones that are regarded as major traffic arteries, or highways, parkways, expressways, drives or bridges: feeder roads to bridges, tunnels, ferries, airports, bus routes, all street with areas which have food, treatment, amusement, shopping, streets with important facilities like police and fire stations, fuel stations and transport terminals. Secondary streets are regarded to have convincingly traffic example: all alternative routes to primary streets, major shopping streets, access streets to industrial or commercial areas. Tertiary streets on the other hand are all the other streets not covered by the primary and secondary streets. According to the United States National Research Council (1999), the case discloses that the Department of Sanitation assesses its snow removal path yearly, making notes of changes in routes of buses, directions of streets and major changes in the areas so as to facilitate effective snow removal mechanisms when need arises. The assessment facilitates for effective snow removal and disposal activities and problems that may arise for each district since each district has its own planned program for spreading salt, plowing and hauling snow. Snow removal is much easier on weekends as compared to weekdays. During weekends traffic is light and this allows snow vehicles to easily penetrate the streets to clear the snow. Parked cars however bring about a hindrance when it comes to the removal of snow from the streets as these vehicles are heavy and they can hit a parked car as they are turning so employees who operate the snow removal machinery are instructed not to penetrate in streets where parked cars could bring about a problem.Advertising Looking for assessment on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The snowplowing activity is however the last resort when it comes to snow removing in the city. According to the case, a total of 1,760 collection and flusher trucks with plow blades attached on them can be used to clear snow from path of moving traffic, bus stops, at intersections and near fire hydrants. Snowplowing is carried out according to precedence levels of streets apart from an emergency call in the case of police, ambulance or fire as these emergencies take priority over everything else. Snow plows work efficiently in snow that is about eight inches deep, if the snow is mainly thick, then the plow may not be able to move. Traffic affects the speed of the plow, at rush hour; the plow is generally slower when compared to the times of the day when there is no rush. In reference to the case, snow removal equipment is examined in September to pinpoint the areas that need repairs, these repairs are then carried out in later in the month and the equipment is tested in November. D uring these tests, the equipment is scrutinized at frequent intervals of the snow removal activity to determine whether the equipment is alright and can perform well during the snow removing activity. Vehicle failures are however associated with vehicular age and storm duration as compared to equipment maintenance. A spreader lasts between ten to fifteen years and their damages are usually minor that do not require a lot of time to fix. According to the case, the Department of Sanitation has over 9,000 employees who can run the 2,800 department’s snow removal apparatus. This department also offers services for whole inhabited city all year round. The Sanitation Department makes sure that it is ready for snow fighting operations by: employing mechanics on September 15th in all garages on a snow contract basis to service and ensure that the snow removing machines are in good shape and that they will not breakdown quickly, the swapping of employees and equipment from day to day and night waste collection on the 15th of November, an analysis by sanitation district supervisors of each district by 15th November, the analysis is to ensure that there are enough workers working on each shift, to ask other city departments to supply additional workers top carry out activities including snow removing mainly, hauling snow, training to employees from other city departments about the duties of their assignments. The employees during the winter period have three shifts in which they can work, from 8am to 4pm 1500 employees working, 4pm to midnight 900 employees, 12 midnight to 8am nearly 300 employees on duty. On Sunday there are about 300 employees on duty from midnight to 4pm on Sunday between 12am and 8am there are no employees on duty at 8am on Monday all employees return to their assigned duties. During a storm or in anticipation of a storm the Department of sanitation chooses from the following three options; to depend on the employees that are on duty that part icular time, to prolong the shift on duty at that certain time or to call in additional employees. Such decisions rely solely on the weather forecast for the day. Communication for the snow removing exercise is advanced and there is a hotline that is directly connected to the U.S. Weather Bureau’s New York forecaster that is used for relaying information between the two organizations at frequently, any signs storms are relayed across as soon as they are spotted. On top of this the Sanitation Department has eighteen weather surveillance stations on the city’s outskirts from which the beginning of precipitation, depth of snow, temperature rates, and speed of buildup of snow are relayed every half an hour to the Headquarters. In reference to the case the Chief of Operations is in charge of the decisions and operations carried out to combat the situation. When a storm occurs the department under the orders of the Chief of Operations, informs the districts supervisors and t heir respective offices and officers through a teletype alert system. A forecast of two or three inches receives the same amount of primary action as a serious blizzard until weather forecasts predict changes in the weather conditions, furthermore the department is on duty twenty four hours a day. As the snow storm worsens chosen commands from previous storms are used to ease the current situation. The nature of the policy system and the policy making process in snow removal exercise is dependent on previous snow storms and the depth of the snow. The depth of the snow determines which procedure is to be used when removing the snow from the city. Preparation of the snow removal activities depends on the weather forecast predictions and the mechanical state of the vehicles and equipment’s to be used in the procedure not forgetting the man power needed to operate and service the machinery needed. According to the case, the administrative ethics were not carried out as expected a s majority of the city dwellers raised complaints about the mayor giving orders that favored Manhattan at the expense of the whole city. All city dwellers should be given equal treatment as the snow affects all and not just one part of the city. The city dwellers have accepted the method of dividing the city into districts and streets so that each area may get the same service as the other despite the economic differences that may be imminent. This division should ease the clearing of snow and make the process go smoothly without mishaps such as preferential treatment. The administrative ethics in this case is questioned. Public offices are meant to serve and provide service to the public without any strings attached or discrimination towards one part of the people the office is meant to be giving service to, unlike in this case where services are offered unequally. Therefore, case study highlights various public administration concepts are parting efficient running of public admini stration. As indicated the department of sanitation failed in a number of concepts which were supposed to be used especially in removal of snow. The mayor for instance failed to balance the needs of the city by undertaking to remove snow from one city while ignoring the others due to political and economic values as he was facing a re-election. In addition, him being a public official, he acted unethically due to his selfish decisions hence making the whole snow removal process a political issue. Nevertheless, the public administration bodies should be allowed to run independently as seen in this case study whereby the department has categorized how the process should be carried out and even zoned the areas. Due to this automy the department can effectively address issues as they arise without following the rigorous and bureaucratic channels that are stipulated. For instance in cases of emergencies, the department can prefer to remove snow from a place that was classified as a low p riority area hence enabling swift delivery of services (LeMay, 2006). In addition the department has adopted effective public administration mechanisms whereby they undertake to hire personnel and snow removal machines during the winter period. By so doing, the department will be increasing the manpower required to tackle this issues on a need to need basis while at the same time cutting down on the expenses that would have been incurred during the non- snow periods. This also in-cooperates the concept of decision making process of the department. As indicated by the case study, during the snow periods the department undertakes decision on how to tackle the snow removal process using a certain process which is all subject to the budget available. Thus to be able to make wise decisions, the department relies on various other departments and professionals to come up with a final decision that takes care of all issues for example relying on the metrological department to come up with a precise chart on the weather patterns. Another important concept is the communication system that is in place in the department. It is noted that â€Å"the Department of Sanitation has an elaborate communications network for updating forecasts, mobilizing resources, and reporting on snow conditions. The Department maintains close liaison with the U.S. Weather Bureau’s New York forecaster on a telephone hot line established between the two agencies during the snow season. This line is used for obtaining weather information at regular intervals, and storm warnings are transmitted on it as soon as they are foreseen and/or develop.† Also the department takes into consideration clientele pressure and government policy that are in place. For instance, during the bias removal of snow in Manhattan while sideling other cities resulted in a public outcry that resulted in the Mayor acting fairly and delivering services to all. Also there was pressure from other stakeholders who were requesting the department to hire new members of staff and work all around during winter and also for the purchase of new equipments to tackle the snow removal and sanitation in the area References Chesire, L. (1997) How Snow Shovel, will Travel. All About Snow. Retrieved from: https://nsidc.org/ LeMay, C. (1996). The Electronic Hallway: Snow Removal. Hallway.org. Retrieved from https://www.hallway.org/ LeMay, M.C. (2006) Public Administration: Clashing Values in the Administration for Public Policy. New York: Cengage Learning. United States National Research Council (1999). Winter Maintenance Technology and Practices-Learning from Abroad. United States National Research Council. Retrieved from: https://international.fhwa.dot.gov/Pdfs/RsrchrResultsDigest.pdf This assessment on The Electronic Hallway: Snow Removal was written and submitted by user Lilia Ramos to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Anatomical Directional Terms and Body Planes

Anatomical Directional Terms and Body Planes Anatomical directional terms are like the directions on a compass rose of a map. Like the directions, North, South, East and West, they can be used to describe the locations of structures in relation to other structures or locations in the body. This is particularly useful when studying anatomy as it provides a common method of communication that helps to avoid confusion when identifying structures. Also as with a compass rose, each directional term often has a counterpart with converse or opposite meaning. These terms are very useful when describing the locations of structures to be studied in dissections. Anatomical directional terms can also be applied to the planes of the body. Body planes are used to describe specific sections or regions of the body. Below are examples of some commonly used anatomical directional terms and planes of the body. Anatomical Directional Terms Anterior: In front of, frontPosterior: After, behind, following, toward the rearDistal: Away from, farther from the originProximal: Near, closer to the originDorsal: Near the upper surface, toward the backVentral: Toward the bottom, toward the bellySuperior: Above, overInferior: Below, underLateral: Toward the side, away from the mid-lineMedial: Toward the mid-line, middle, away from the sideRostral: Toward the frontCaudal: Toward the back, toward the tailBilateral: Involving both sides of the bodyUnilateral: Involving one side of the bodyIpsilateral: On the same side of the bodyContralateral: On opposite sides of the bodyParietal: Relating to a body cavity wallVisceral: Relating to organs within body cavitiesAxial: Around a central axisIntermediate: Between two structures Anatomical Body Planes Imagine a person standing in an upright position. Now imagine dissecting this person with imaginary vertical and horizontal planes. This is the best way to describe anatomical planes. Anatomical planes can be used to describe any body part or an entire body. (View a detailed body plane image.) Lateral Plane or Sagittal Plane: Imagine a vertical plane that runs through your body from front to back or back to front. This plane divides the body into right and left regions. Median or Midsagittal Plane: Sagittal plane that divides the body into equal right and left regions.Parasagittal Plane: Sagittal plane that divides the body into unequal right and left regions. Frontal Plane or Coronal Plane: Imagine a vertical plane that runs through the center of your body from side to side. This plane divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) regions. Transverse Plane: Imagine a horizontal plane that runs through the midsection of your body. This plane divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) regions. Anatomical Terms: Examples Some anatomical structures contain anatomical terms in their names that help identify their position in relation to other body structures or divisions within the same structure. Some examples include the anterior and posterior pituitary, superior and inferior venae cavae, the median cerebral artery, and the axial skeleton. Affixes (word parts that are attached to base words) are also useful in describing the position of anatomical structures. These prefixes and suffixes give us hints about the locations of body structures. For example, the prefix (para-) means near or within. The parathyroid glands are located on the posterior side of the thyroid. The prefix epi- means upper or outermost. The epidermis is the outermost skin layer. The prefix (ad-) means near, next to, or toward. The adrenal glands are located atop the kidneys. Anatomical Terms: Resources Understanding anatomical directional terms and body planes will make it easier to study anatomy. It will help you to be able to visualize positional and spatial locations of structures and navigate directionally from one area to another. Another strategy that can be employed to help you visualize anatomical structures and their positions is to use study aids such as anatomy coloring books and flashcards. It may seem a bit juvenile, but coloring books and review cards actually help you to visually comprehend the information.

The History of Rock Music

The History of Rock Music Free Online Research Papers Rock music crashed its way into the American music scene in 1955 via AM radio. From then to the early 1970s, rock and roll mirrored and also influenced almost every aspect of American life as there were many striking parallels between the particular styles of music during those times and the culture of the nation. With higher motivation for scientific progress, new trends, and political influence, rock music served a powerful voice for the youth of nearly three generations. I’m thinking that Elvis Presley helped out immensely with the rock movement. What he did in his concerts made all the females want him. He had really catchy lyrics, a nice voice that made the girls go wild, and shook his hips that made girls go even wilder. Plus he was on TV and radio everywhere you looked and listened. What about The Beetles you ask? Well they came all the over from the United Kingdom and made hit after hit over here in the U.S. They had more that forty singles, albums, EP’s that reached number one. That success was repeated in many countries. Their genre of music was more than just rock ‘n roll. So they did not just stick to one type of rock, they broadened their horiozons. The influence of rock and roll is far-reaching, and has had significant impact worldwide on fashion and film styles. There are many bands that play a helpful role in helping out the environment with charity events such as Live Aid. There are many different kinds of rock music but they all rely on 4 things. It combines prominent vocal, with one, two, or even 3 guitars, bass guitar, and drums. Some bands have harmonicas, keyboards, keytars, and so on. So, if you can not tell, it is pretty upbeat. Rock music revolves around the guitar. That’s probably why it’s so attractive to most people. Rock music is associated with rebellion. It’s also portrayed everywhere you see an advertisement. From having radio stations, music stations on TV, and commercials on TV. What is the first thing that comes to your mind when you here someone say something about rock music? It is loud, it is the devils music. Most people think, even me, if it is too loud, you are too old. But, I mean, there are other types of rock. There are slow jams, easy listening, and fast guitars like Slayer or Dragonforce. There is psychedelic rock for the hippies to listen to when they trip on acid. There is also surf rock, like the Beach Boys, for the beach bums. Nearly every country has rock bands, so it is all over the world. So it is pretty hard to miss. For some reason old people say its devil music. All because it is loud, fast, and hard. But there are so many different subgenres of rock that you can find something good to listen to real easy. Eric Clapton can make his guitar talk, literally! Not all rock is screaming, and double bass drums. But hey, some people like that. In the mid 70’s, punk rock came out. Punk rock was a big counterculture movement. People starte d dressing in leather studded jackets, Mohawks, different colored hair. All because there favorite band showed up to a concert dressed that way. It became a uniform for many people; all types of rock music fans. I guess you can say music has a big influence on most people. But like every fan says, it is only music. For most people, music takes them away from the â€Å"real world† and it just puts some people in a better mood. It can also give people an energy boost. Oh, the energy, it can go from controlled chaos to sweet calmness. For example, ever been in a mosh pit? Its pretty heavy, you can get out all your energy and aggression out that way, in a good way though. MTV, VH1, and Fuse helped out in making rock music more mainstream. Thanks guys. Back in the day, MTV used to play music videos all day, so rock started reaching to more people everyday. VH1 used to have pop up videos. Pop up videos were music videos with little bits of information that you probably wouldn’t know about that particular band, it also showed the lyrics to the song. And now on to the lyrics of rock; band members write lyrics that tell it how it is. They don’t care if you like it or not, but they will say it because it is fast and heavy. Bands like Nirvana wrote lyrics that teens all over can relate to. They talk about teen angst, family problems, love troubles; you know normal things teenagers deal with. Then there is emo music. As you can tell by the name, emo lyrics are about depression and even more love troubles. Oh, how can I forget the internet too? The internet plays a big role in the influence of rock music; from bands on myspace, to downloading music on file sharing programs like Ares, BearShare, and LimeWire. Even after the lawsuit on Napster, file sharing programs haven’t slowed down on downloading. The attraction of rock music is not just about a particular preference for loud music and athletic dancing. Rock music also symbolizes a whole cluster of cultural values concerning self expression, spontaneity, released sexuality, and defiance of the alleged boringness of tradition. Back in the Woodstock days, the hippies would do all kinds of drugs, and they would even have sex right there in the field. As you can see rock music is pretty influential. It provides a sense of freedom; you’re not tied down to anything. Anybody can listen to rock music. It does not matter if your black, white, a politician (I hope not), or just some neighborhood kid that lives with his parents. With all the facts out there, and in here, it is obvious that people are hooked on this type of music, and it does not look like rock is going away any time soon. Research Papers on The History of Rock MusicHip-Hop is ArtWhere Wild and West MeetBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThe Hockey GameThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThree Concepts of PsychodynamicEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementTrailblazing by Eric Anderson

Compare Contrast Religion Essays - Prophets Of Islam, Messianism

Compare Contrast Religion Essays - Prophets Of Islam, Messianism Compare Contrast Religion ************************************************************************** ***** Joe Stas [emailprotected] This was an A essay! ************************************************************************** ***** Compare and Contrast essay: Christianity, Islam, and Judaism Introduction of Religions Christianity most widely distributed of the world religions, having substantial representation in all the populated continents of the globe. Its total membership may exceed 1.7 billion people. Islam, a major world religion, founded in Arabia and based on the teachings of Muhammad, who is called the Prophet. One who practices Islam is a Muslim. Muslims follow the Koran, the written revelation brought by Muhammad. The Muslim world population is estimated at more than 1 billion. Islam is the quickest growing religion. Judaism is one of the world's oldest religious traditions. Pre-modern Judaism constituted (and traditional Judaism today constitutes) an integrated cultural system of Jewish law, custom, and practice encompassing the totality of individual and communal existence. It is a system of sanctification in which all is to be subsumed under God's rule. Judaism originated in the Middle East, but Jewish communities have existed at one time or another in almost all parts of the world, a result of both voluntary migrations and forced exile or expulsions. Origin The central element of Christianity is the person of Jesus Christ. Jesus of Nazareth, a Jewish rabbi, attracted a following of people who believed him to be a new prophet. Their recollections of Jesus' words and deeds recall his days on earth and the miracle of his resurrection from the dead on the first Easter. These Jewish Christians began the first churches, in Jerusalem. Much like Christianity Islam was based on the prophesies and teaching of person or prophet, Muhammad. In Mohammed's time (570?-632), the Arabian Peninsula was inhabited by nomadic Bedouins and city-dwelling Arabs. Muhammad began his ministry at the age of 40, when, he claimed, the archangel Gabriel appeared to him in a vision. At first Muhammad confided his visions only to his family and close friends. After four years he began to preach openly in his native city of Mecca. Ridiculed by the Meccans, he went to Medina in 622. At his death in 632, Muhammad was the leader of an Arab state growing rapidly in power. The third duty of a Muslim is to pay zakat. This tax was originally levied by Muhammad ,and later by Muslim states, on the wealthy members of the community, primarily to help the poor. The fourth duty is the fast of the month of Ramadan. During the fasting month, one must refrain from eating, drinking, smoking, and sexual intercourse from dawn until sunset. The fifth duty is the pilgrimage to Mecca. Every adult Muslim who is physically and economically able to do so must make this pilgrimage at least once in his or her lifetime. Unlike the other two major religions Judaism evolved form the Israelites who didn't deny the existence of other gods for other nations, though they only worshipped one deity. Its deity was Yahweh, the god of the patriarchs, who was worshipped in a sacrificial cult centered in Jerusalem and later at sanctuaries in the north, where a rival Jewish kingdom was formed. Prophets who warned against the people's reliance on these temple cults saw themselves vindicated when both the northern and southern kingdoms were destroyed by foreign conquerors. The exile of the Judeans to Babylonia in 586 BC was a major turning point in Israelite religion. The prior history of Israel now was reinterpreted in light of the events of 586, laying the foundation for the traditional biblical Pentateuch, prophetic canon, and historical books. A truly monotheistic religion, called Judaism, developed from these events. In 539 BC the Jews were permitted to return to Israel. Doctrines and Practices In Christian teaching, Jesus is the supreme preacher and exemplar of the moral life, but for most Christians that does not fully justify significance of his life and work. Christians teach that God is almighty in dominion over all that is in heaven and on earth, righteous judgment over good and evil. Baptism is the means of initiation into Christianity. Another fundamental component of the Christian faith and practice is its community. The community of faith in the church is the primary setting for Christian worship, although Christians of all traditions have placed a strong emphasis on private devotion and individual prayer. Unlike Christianity Islam has two fundamental sources of doctrine and practice, which are the Koran and the Sunna. Muslims regard the Koran as the speech of God to Muhammad and they believe that God himself is the author. The Sunna is known through Hadith, the body of traditions based on the words and actions of the Prophet. Unlike the Koran, Hadith is not considered infallible. The Islamic culture also believes that there are fundamental things for all Muslims to do so they go to heaven. According

12 Quotations on Learning to Write by Reading

12 Quotations on Learning to Write by Reading Read! Read! Read! And then read some more. When you find something that thrills you, take it apart paragraph by paragraph, line by line, word by word, to see what made it so wonderful. Then use those tricks the next time you write. That charge to young writers happens to come from novelist W.P. Kinsella, but in fact hes echoing centuries of good advice. Heres how 12 other authors, past and present, have stressed the importance of reading to a writers development. Read, Observe, and PracticeFor a man to write well, there are required three necessaries: to read the best authors, observe the best speakers, and much exercise of his own style.(Ben Jonson, Timber, or Discoveries, 1640)Exercise the MindReading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.(Richard Steele, The Tatler, 1710)Read the BestRead the best books first, or you may not have a chance to read them at all.(Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, 1849)Imitate, Then DestroyWriting is a difficult trade which must be learned slowly by reading great authors; by trying at the outset to imitate them; by daring then to be original and by destroying ones first productions.(Attributed to Andrà © Maurois, 1885-1967)Read CriticallyWhen I was teaching writing -   and I still say it -   I taught that the best way to learn to write is by reading. Reading critically, noticing paragraphs that get the job done, how your favorite writers use verbs, all the useful techni ques. A scene catches you? Go back and study it. Find out how it works.(Tony Hillerman, quoted by G. Miki Hayden in Writing the Mystery: A Start-to-Finish Guide for Both Novice and Professional, 2nd ed. Intrigue Press, 2004) Read EverythingRead everything -   trash, classics, good and bad, and see how they do it. Just like a carpenter who works as an apprentice and studies the master. Read! Youll absorb it. Then write. If it is good, youll find out.(William Faulkner, interviewed by Lavon Rascoe for The Western Review, Summer 1951)Read Bad Stuff, TooIf you are going to learn from other writers dont only read the great ones, because if you do that youll get so filled with despair and the fear that youll never be able to do anywhere near as well as they did that youll stop writing. I recommend that you read a lot of bad stuff, too. Its very encouraging. Hey, I can do so much better than this. Read the greatest stuff but read the stuff that isnt so great, too. Great stuff is very discouraging.(Edward Albee, quoted by Jon Winokur in Advice to Writers, 1999)Be a Voracious, Loving ReaderWhen you start reading in a certain way, thats already the beginning of your writing. Youre learning what you admire and you re learning to love other writers. The love of other writers is an important first step. To be a voracious, loving reader.(Tess Gallagher, quoted by Nicholas OConnell in At the Fields End: Interviews With 22 Pacific Northwest Writers, rev. ed., 1998) Tap Into the World ConsciousnessToo many writers are trying to write with too shallow an education. Whether they go to college or not is immaterial. Ive met many self-educated people who are much better read than I am. The point is that a writer needs a sense of the history of literature to be successful as a writer, and you need to read some Dickens, some Dostoyevsky, some Melville, and other great classics -   because they are part of our world consciousness, and the good writers tap into the world consciousness when they write.(James Kisner, quoted by William Safire and Leonard Safir in Good Advice on Writing, 1992)Listen, Read, and WriteIf you read good books, when you write, good books will come out of you. Maybe its not quite that easy, but if you want to learn something, go to the source. ... Dogen, a great Zen master, said, If you walk in the mist, you get wet. So just listen, read, and write. Little by little, you will come closer to what you need to say and express it thr ough your voice.(Natalie Goldberg, Writing Down the Bones: Freeing the Writer Within, rev ed., 2005) Read a Lot, Write a LotThe real importance of reading is that it creates an ease and intimacy with the process of writing; one comes to the country of the writer with ones papers and identification pretty much in order. Constant reading will pull you into a place (a mind-set, if you like the phrase) where you can write eagerly and without self-consciousness. It also offers you a constantly growing knowledge of what has been done and what hasnt, what is trite and what is fresh, what works and what just lies there dying (or dead) on the page. The more you read, the less apt you are to make a fool of yourself with your pen or word processor.  ...[R]ead a lot, write a lot is the great commandment.(Stephen King, On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft, 2000)And Have FunRead a lot. Write a lot. Have fun.(Daniel Pinkwater) For more specific suggestions on what to read, visit our reading list: 100 Major Works of Modern Creative Nonfiction.

Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 38

Discussion Questions - Essay Example I prefer Theory Y as an employee and as a manager. Self-motivated employees are beneficial for the organization. Employees gain success through hard-work and doing their work right. They can also prove their work through constant enthusiasm, taking on new ventures, and bringing in creative work processes. In my work, I have gained excellence through constant hard-work and introducing creative work, breaking the old chain and trying to make it as new as the time. I admire my team leader who is authoritative, creative yet open to new changes. He does not believe that he is the boss of all and at the same time he does not take credit for other’s work; he ensures that all his employees are rewarded accordingly. A group is a number of things and persons who have some relationship to one another; it is a subset of a culture or a society. A team is any group of people involved in the same activity, especially referring to work (Boundless, 2014). A team is a subset of group; a team tends to be closer and work together and holds stronger sense of collective identity. High performance team is one which delivers results. I have been a part of the team that introduces credit lines to the microfinance industry. The team work had paid off due because of the contribution of expert advice from each group member. If my team is having difficulty in taking a decision, I would sit with the team members and discuss the reason for this difficulty and the possibility of arriving at a decision. All humans are different and need to be communicated to differently; that is why a decision well understood by one person does not mean that it is understood by all other employees as well. I have dealt with clients from different countries including Bangladesh, India, and Turkey. I have always dealt with the companies differently, because same decisions have to be communicated separately to different companies. I took into account the cultural and ethical aspects of

Describe and evaluate the main macroeconomic policies used by the Essay - 3

Describe and evaluate the main macroeconomic policies used by the Government and Central Bank of Brazil over the last two years - Essay Example een undergoing a phase of sharp economic slowdown as inflation in the country has continued to slide up the scale to touch its highest level in the decade, with 12 month rolling inflation index (ICPA) clocking in at 7.70%, significantly above the country’s Central Bank target of 6.5%. It must be noticed that this is the highest inflation rate prevailing in the country even since May 2005, when the rates touched 8.05%. Brazil’s Central Bank plays with the policy of interest rate of the country in a bid to control the inflation in the country, as well as regularize the country’s currency (Media, 2015). Just recently Brazil’s Central Bank raised its interest rates for the third time in a row to touch the 12.75% level. The main motive behind the increase in the country’s discount rate was to control the rising inflation engulfing the economic spheres of the country, along with being in line with the monetary tightening stance taken by the Central Bank. A look further into the past tells us that in line with the slowdown being witnessed in the Brazilian economy, the Central Bank had cut its growth prediction for the country by a phenomenal 90 basis points to 0.7%. Essential to notice here is the fact that such low growth figures are below are generally below what other Latin American economies have forecasted, with the exception of Argentina and Venezuela. Taxation has also been a key cause of concern in the Brazilian economy. Within the time span of the last two years the government had given incentives to many industries to stimulate demand, for instance by giving tax breaks to the auto sector. However, knowing where Brazil currently stands at the moment, the current Government will have to take some non-populist measures including abandoning the incentives provided to various industries. The last two years have also seen changes in the country’s investment environment despite various efforts taken by the government and the Central Bank to control the

ABC Company Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ABC Company Management - Research Paper Example The decision is of great importance for the organization because the results of the decision continue for many years hence such decision affect the profitability of a firm. Large amounts of money are invested in capital projects, the resources that are invested in a project are often committed for a long period of time and it may be difficult to reverse the effects of a poor decision. In view of the above, the viability of this new product line should be made based on the time needed to commit to the project, the expenses associated with the project , source of funds to finance the project ,level of return of new product and the additional revenue expected from the project. I. Regulatory and compliance risk-this is the risk of regulatory sanctions that arises when Company fail to follow the code of conduct as outlined by the rule of law in the course of carrying out its activities. It includes failing to abide by laws regarding conservation of environment, health standards of its wor kers and quality standard s set for their products. This risk has disastrous impact on company’s existence as it may cause the company to be winded up if it fails to comply. Consumer demand shifts This is the risk associated with continued change in consumer preferences and tastes. This is brought about by changes in needs and fashion .a Company therefore should always be in line with this shifts so as to produce products that suit consumers needs Uncertainty Most business firms fear the challenges that may face the organization in the future. The uncertainty in credit market, coupled with new laws and the fluctuations in the global economy influences investment decisions. Thus most firms shy away from long term commitment of funds to long term projects in favor of short term projects with uncertainty being their major excuse. This problem of uncertainty can however be solved by making long term strategic planning. Globalization This is a major challenge to firms today. Firms need to understand foreign cultures so as to penetrate new markets with their products and services. Also firms face stiff competition from competitors who unknown to them are in foreign markets as a result of increased globalization. The challenge therefore can be solved by in depth understanding of international markets and diverse foreign cultures through better research of information for better analysis. Technology The technological advancement is running at an increasing rate. Some competitors use this as a tool to outdo their competitors that is they wait for next generation of technology which may be a half a year away then use it to gain a competitive edge over other firms. Hence firms need to come up with a reliable long term technology plan and also remain flexible to use to their advantage any unforeseen technology development. II. ABC COMPANY CASHFLOW STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JUNE 20XX $ $ Cash flow from operating activities: Cash receipts from customers 10000 C ash paid to suppliers and employees (3000) 7000 Cash generated from activities Interest paid 200 Income taxes paid 500 (700) Net cash flow from operating activities 6300 Cash flow from investing activities: Purchase of property, plant and equipment ( 300) Proceeds from disposal of land (200) Purchase of equity investment ( 700) Interest received 300 Dividend received 200 (700) Net cash flow from operating activities 5600 Cash flow from financing activities: Proceeds from issue of share capital 4000 Proceeds from sale of long-term loans 300 Redemption of preference shares ( 210) Repayment of long-term loans ( 200) Dividend paid (130) 3760 net cash flow from financing activities 9360 Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 340 Cash and cash equiv

PDCA project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

PDCA project - Assignment Example Therefore, I intend to improve my non-verbal communication skills, thus become a better leader in my profession, as well as my social life. My main aim of choosing to improve this skill relates to its ability to help me build better relationships with my peers, subordinates, the patients I serve, and other stakeholders. I followed the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle to aid me in achieving my personal quality improvement goal. This involved formulating a plan of action to guide me on what I should do. I then implemented the plan, and collected data on the progress of the plan. Collecting the data enabled me to evaluate the success of my plan, hence determined the effectiveness of the plan, or need for modification (Neuhauser, Myhre, & Alemi, 2004). I intended to improve my non-verbal skills through improvement in my listening skills. This involved active listening, which meant giving my seniors, juniors, and other subordinates enough time for self-expression. This involved working on maintaining eye contact with whom I engaged. In addition, I had to work at complementing or contradicting their messages through such acts as nodding, and rolling eyes respectively (Videbeck, 2011). I was also to display acceptance through my posture whenever possible. This meant sitting beside, or across the people I interacted with, instead of behind them, which creates a physical barrier. I also planned to employ appropriate vocal cues, and avoid high pitches, which hinder effective communication. I hoped to treat at least 80% of the people I interacted with in this manner. This measure helped me to gauge my ability to communicate non-verbally, thus measure the effectiveness of my communication skills. The plan was undertaken for four consecutive weeks. During this time, the number of times that I failed to adhere to my plan were recorded on a daily basis in a daily recording sheet. The plan commenced on the 4th

Inovation In Tourism In Response To Global Concerns Essay

Inovation In Tourism In Response To Global Concerns - Essay Example Natural resources such as water are being strained by the need to use the resources to generate energy for use in the tourism areas. Forests are being torn down to pave the way for the construction of hotels and resorts to be used by tourists, hence devastating entire landscapes. Political instability in a country or adverse natural disasters such as floods, famine and tsunami are also seen to adversely affect the global tourism industry (Conrady, Buck, Viehl, & Tittel, 2011, p. 157). The effects of political instability were clearly seen in Russia in 1991 when the country’s tourism declined by approximately 10 times as a result of the cessation of subsidies given to the industry by the union (Renard et al., 1997, p. 138). â€Å"In some countries, the industry is experiencing a huge backlash as a result of the repercussions of the global economic slowdown that affected the entire world. Some major markets such as Greece and Spain are still suffering from the 2009 global slowdown. The backlash was more pronounced in countries that rely on mainly Europe and America as their main traditional markets as these were the hardest hit by the recession† (African Development Bank, 2009, p. 437). The recent terrorism activities have caused heightened security and safety concerns in the tourism industry. A reduction in tourism spending within a country due to security concerns generally leads to weakened local economies which might have the effect of placing the affected government under a lot of stress. This can have the effect of causing the country to experience general destabilization throughout all its sectors and, hence, help in the attainment of terrorism’s main agenda of destabilization (Henderson, 2012). The increased fuel costs have caused the cost of travel to greatly increase to levels where most ordinary people are

Sequences of Development Essay Example for Free

Sequences of Development Essay The explanation of the sequence and rate of aspect of development from birth to 19 years. Ans. Following the timeline given the below illustrates these sequence of development from birth : 0-6 months – At this stage, the baby has just come out of the womb. There is a huge reliance on the environment and the mother for the survival of the baby. The baby is learning aspects of movement and coordination. He/she is grasping more awareness of surroundings. Food and warmth is exclusively supplied by the mother. 6-9months – The awareness of him/her to the environment becomes sharper. The muscle coordination and movements of the baby become more definite. The baby becomes more â€Å"free† with the environment and interactive. At this stage the young tot can crawl and sit up confidently. 9-12 months – Judging by the baby’s growth, (physically and mentally), It can be said that he/she is moving into the â€Å"toddlers stage†. Here he/she is taking some steps gradually. This stage is quite important in infancy as the muscular development is getting quite advanced. The child is aware of other children around him/her and is interacting with them. 2-24 Months – A lot of more definite changes are happening in the child’s life at this stage. He/She is moving into a greater deal of psychological development. Also, the mental development at this stage is getting quite advanced. The child is learning how to be more reliant on his/her own judgements and interestingly, a lot of changes in behavior can be seen at this stage. The child i s much more aware about the environment and can choose options on what to play with, how to play e. t. c. He/she becomes more responsive to education as the brain is much more advanced at this stage and actually â€Å" is eager to learn educational stuff†. The stage is vital in getting a child educationally involved as he/she is â€Å"ready to take on† so to say. 2-3 Years A behavioural pattern emerges here. The child suddenly starts to become a bit resolute and wants to have his/her own way. There is a certain amount of self dependency that is seen here and not seen in earlier stages. It might give his/her parents a fright and they can start to think if there is something wrong with the child. The brain is getting much more developed and the child is eager to learn. There are definite physical changes as well. The body becomes less susceptible to easy injury as the child’s skin toughens. He/she also becomes more immune to infection. 3-5 Years – The child is thinking like a â€Å"mini adult†. There is more confidence in speech. More assertion in expressing self. The child is looking more at the â€Å"behavioural pattern† of his/her parents and other people he/she is in care with. This is one of the most if not, the most important stages in the childs growth pattern as this is where the â€Å" Character forming† element can begin and will definitely form the rest of the child’s life. The main concentration on children at this stage must definitely be a form of positive character development and essence on positive thinking and acting. The child will grown from this stage into more adult ways of thinking and positive self reliance will result. For instance, some children may start to learn how cook and feed themselves even at this stage!! As the physical out look of the child takes on a more mature form, the child’s identity starts to express itself and in a psychological and social sense, the child takes on his/her awareness of self. 5-8 years The child is taking on more responsibility and is seeing him or her self as â€Å"part of the world â€Å" so to speak. The environment takes on a different dimension with him or her and a lot more emphasis is given to friendships and what they mean. The behavioural pattern in the child at this stage is formed for life. The child is having his or her own identity and is willing to share it with the world. An opinion of things start to take form in his or her own mind and as a consequence, certain forms of behaviour emege. It is important to note that at this stage of the child’s development, he or she is directly influenced by what mum or dad says and can be heavily affected by what is said to him or her. This is the stage where abuse can be much more destructive. As he or she may form opinions and be influenced by them easily, life’s truths and hardships will need to be passed down in a very â€Å"gentle† manner to him or her so there is understanding that these steps are taken for the child’s own good. 9-11 Years – The difference between boys and girls between them individually and to each other start to appear sharper and more permanent. The girl child sees herself as more expressive, will start to â€Å"grow â€Å" (in clear psychological and social terms) more and be more assertive. Despite this show of bravado, there is still a huge reliance on adults especially the parent or guardian. The males in their own case , will take strength from being in packs and express themselves more openly. There is a clear segregation of the different sexes at this stage and probably for the first time, a clear distinction between the physical characteristics of each other start to appear to the male/female child and an hints of an attraction start to emerge although initially very very subtly. Despite all this, the child is still very very dependent on his/her mother indeed. 1-19 Years – These years are more environment dictated to the child’s development than ever before. As the child starts to see more of what adults do (especially in the mid teenage years), he or she copies and will start to act it out. For instance, a boy may start to take interest in adult discussions more than before and will be spending time asking dad and mum certain questions. It is essen tial that parents and guardians spend much more time with their teenage children in understanding†them. This has been a very important aspect that has been lacking in parent/children relationships over the years. As this child in this case grows up into ages 14,15, 16, there is a natural â€Å" I wan to know all† syndrome. The support of the parent in understanding the psyche of their children will greatly influence and help them in the child’s journey to becoming an adult. As this is a very important aspect of his/her life, every support must be given from other adults to let this teenager know that life isn’t that challenging as an adult and welcome him of her into this final stage of development in life as one of them with mistakes to learn from and life to live in. Difference in the â€Å"sequence and the rate of development† The sequence in development in a child show the journey through each stage of development in a child and how this child moves through them. The rate of development highlights the progressive time span the child develops from childhood into teenage years. †¢ An explanation of how children and young people’s development is influe nced by {a} A range of external factors : 1, Socioeconomics – The wealth status of a child’s parents and economic environment will inevitably reflect on the child’s development. Children do depend on food, water, warmth and a suitable environment to move about freely. In some countries in the world, this basic requirement is a tall order and inevitably, the level of development in these kids is adversely affected. The access to quality education could also be impeded hence affecting a child’s intellectual, mental progress in life 2, Nutrition – nothing needs be said much about this factor as it is impossible to child to grow as he or she should without adequate food and water. This is key as food and water do have the biggest role to play at this stage of a child’s life. This is not just about three square meals a day but also a balanced diet which will include Proteins, carbohydrates, mineral salts and vitamins. 3, Family and Society – The major psychological development in a child’s life is fed through his or her family (in this context the father, mother, brothers and sisters and cousins external family). As we learn certain ways of life and conduct from our family members, a child will inevitably, pick up certain forms of habits and behaviour which may or may not be socially favoured. The set of friends a child mixes with can also influence the way he or she sees things hence influences the level of development in his or her psyche. 4, Physical Environment – The environment has a part to pay in physical development and otherwise in a child as there are different elements that makes up an environment for a child. E. g some environments such as war zones may not be the best place to bring up a young child.. There have been very strong images of children in Sierra Leone carrying guns and shooting people at a very tender age. Also, it was reported that a lot of children died in Japan following the second world war due to heavy radiation from the atomic bomb . It is not difficult to see why it is said that a child is the product of his/her environment. (b) A range of personal factors 1, Pregnancy stage : If the child while in the womb has been dosed with cocktails and cocktails of drugs, this will in effect, affect the child long term. The child could develop problems with breathing or even more permanent damage to the blood or other organs in the body. This is found quite common in developed nations especially in the west e. g here in the UK. This will be a debilitating situation to the child in their later life. 2, Health – Health problems can be genetic or caused by environmental factors. If the environment a child is raised up is not conducive, the child can be adversely affected by suffering from different diseases such as Cholera, Measles, Polio and so on. In over crowded and poorly ventilated areas, airborne diseases such as asthma, tuberculosis may spread and affect children more easily. , Physical Disabilities – This applies especially in cases of mental disability e. g downs syndrome, degenerative mascular dystrophy and these can restrict a child from exercising their God given abilities to do certain things and carry out certain tasks. This can also be seen in physically disabled children as they are not able to run and perform certain physical tasks. Their development as individuals is severely affected. â € ¢ How Current Practice is influenced by A) Theories of development There are many theories in which the most important influential factors ffecting the growth of children and young ones are based. For simplicity, they can be put into three broad areas which cover what the earlier child behavioural psychologists and sociologists based their conclusions. In terms of children’s educational needs ( on which this question is based on), there are three main areas to consider : 1, Maturationist Theory : This theory is based on the work carried out by Arnold Gessell. He advocated that the development occurs due to biological factors in predictable, sequential stages over time (Hunt 1969). The general belief by child education specialists is that children will learn automatically and naturally as they grow older (Farquhar and Stein,1993). With this theory comes the preparation of children at certain times for basic education. If a child can recite the alphabet, then they are with time and patience by the parents and guardians due for Schol. It is a very stage related progress. Being ready for nursery school, will be a stage when they can perform well in Arithmetic (sums) and can also display a good grasp of basic word spelling. In the current time, this is a method used or applied by schools for children when they seem to be lagging behind on the average level of learning. (2) Environmentalist Theory : With the environmental influence as stated earlier playing a significant part in the overall growth and development of a child, the educational side is revealed by John Watson and B. F Skinner for example, as a contributory factor. The idea is that children learn a lot from their environment and surroundings and as a result, can pick up â€Å"inspiration† in learning from how they can correlate what they learn with what goes on around them. An example of this is when the child can respond to what is on going in the class room that child has been placed. Learning qualification so to speak is based on what the child can see happening around him or her rather than an actual educational assessment. An example of this is the assessment given to children back in Africa in the 1960/70’s. In order to qualify for Primary School education, the child is asked to place his arm over his head in order to see if the hand can reach the ear lobe on the other side of the head. If the ear lobe is reachable, the child is accepted wether in the real sense of the word of assessment he is qualified or not. Children that suffer from slower learning under this theory are brought to be encouraged to use the environment around them as a teaching tool. (3) Constructivist Theory : The theory relates to the idea that children pick up learning attributes for development faster by interacting with friends and family In other words, the rate of learning is faster if the child can see close family as mum and dad as well as close friends around him or her while study. Theorists such as Jean Piaget and Maria Montessori conclude that the children actually â€Å"initiate† the whole learning process. An example can be seen when a toddler suddenly picks up a plastic bowl toy from the ground and places the lid on top. Parents can encourage their children in story telling activities at home and other activities that encourage reading out letters and counting. In the event of difficulty in learning, the child is given more close assessment and detailed teaching guides are put in place to give the young tot some more rigorous level of coaching.

General Information About Hydrilla And Photosynthesis Biology Essay

General Information About Hydrilla And Photosynthesis Biology Essay All green parts of a plant have chloroplasts in their cells and can carry out photosynthesis. In most plants, however, the leaves have the most chloroplasts (about half a million per square millimeter of leaf surface) and are the major sites of photosynthesis. Their green color is from chlorophyll, a light-absorbing pigment in the chloroplasts that plays a central role in converting solar energy to chemical energy. Pp 109 (Campbell, N.A. et. Al. 2009 Many aquatic weed scientists consider Hydrilla verticillata the most problematic aquatic plant in the United States. This plant, native to Africa, Australia, and parts of Asia, was introduced to Florida in 1960 via the aquarium trade. Hydrilla is now well established throughout water bodies in the southern states where control and management costs millions of dollars each year. From 1980 to 2005, Florida alone spent $174 million on hydrilla control. On the West Coast, California, Washington, and Idaho all have limited populations of hydrilla. Managers in all three states are serious about eradicating these infestations. Washingtons hydrilla infestation, discovered in 1995 in two interconnected lakes in King County, is the only known occurrence of hydrilla in Washington and eradication efforts are ongoing. Hydrilla is also increasingly being discovered in the northern tier states and in the Midwest.    Habitat Hydrilla forms dense mats of vegetation that interfere with recreation and destroy fish and wildlife habitat. Hydrilla has several advantages over other plants. It will grow with less light and is more efficient at taking up nutrients than native species. It also has extremely effective methods of propagation. Besides making seeds (seedlings are actually rarely seen in nature), it can sprout new plants from root fragments or stem fragments containing as few as two whorls of leaves. Recreational users can easily spread these small fragments from water body to water body.    However, hydrillas real secret to success is its ability to produce structures called turions and tubers. (Presence of these structures is also a characteristic that distinguishes this species from similar looking plants.) Turions are compact and produced along the leafy stems. They break free from the parent plant and drift or settle to the lake bottom to start new plants. They are generally about a quarter inch long, dark green, and appear spiny. Tubers are underground and form at the end of roots. They are small, potato-like or pea-like, and are usually white or yellowish. Hydrilla produces an abundance of tubers and turions in the fall and the tubers may remain dormant for several years in the sediment. The hydrilla variety found in Washington will also make tubers in the spring and will produce non-dormant turions throughout the growing season. Tubers and turions can withstand ice cover, drying, herbicides, and ingestion and regurgitation by waterfowl. One square meter of hydril la can produce 5,000 tubers!  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are two varieties of hydrilla in the United States. Many of the plants in the southern United States are all one sex (female) and are dioecious. Dioecious plants cannot produce seed. The plants in Washington are monoecious (having both male and female flowers on the same plant) and can produce seed. In New Zealand, where hydrilla is not native, the hydrilla plants are all male. Generally, the northern-most populations of hydrilla in the United States are monoecious. Although the hydrilla in Idaho is dioecious, all of Idahos dioecious hydrilla populations are associated with warmer geothermal-influenced waters. Monoecious hydrilla looks and grows somewhat differently than dioecious hydrilla. It tends to have a delicate appearance and sprawls along the lake bottom. The tubers from these monoecious plants are smaller than tubers produced by their southern female relatives. Management Hydrilla is a federally listed noxious weed, listed as a Class A weed on Washingtons Noxious Weed List, and is on the Washington State Department of Agricultures Quarantine list. Weed scientists suspect that some of the hydrilla infestations in California resulted from hydrilla tubers hitch hiking on mail order water lily rhizomes. Plant managers also speculate that Washingtons only hydrilla infestation in Pipe and Lucerne Lakes near Seattle also resulted from contaminated water lilies. Non-native water lilies were once common in these two lakes (before lake managers started herbicide treatments for hydrilla). Since the hydrilla discovery in 1995 in Pipe and Lucerne Lakes, there have been no other reports of hydrilla in Washington. State and local governments (King County and the cities of Covington and Maple Valley) are working together to eradicate the hydrilla infestation by using a combination of an aquatic herbicide called fluridone and diver and snorkeler hand removal. This is a multi-year ongoing effort because hydrilla tubers are long-lived and they do not all sprout at once. Prior to herbicide treatments (started in 1995) hydrilla densely covered the bottom of Pipe and Lucerne Lakes and had started to grow over the tops of Eurasian watermilfoil plants also in the lakes. As of 2009, surveyors have not detected any hydrilla plants in Lucerne Lake since 2004 and no hydrilla plants in Pipe Lake since 2006.    Identification Hydrilla closely resembles two other aquatic plants found in Washington: The non-native plant Brazilian elodea Egeria densa and the native plant American waterweed Elodea canadensis. You can distinguish hydrilla from these look-alike species by the presence of tubers (0.2 to 0.4 inch long, off-white to yellowish, pea-like structures buried in the sediment). Neither Brazilian elodea nor waterweed has tubers. Other characteristics to look for include:    Leaves in whorls around the stem (generally five leaves per whorl). Serrations or small spines along the leaf edges. The midrib of the leaf is often reddish when fresh. We are especially concerned about new introductions of hydrilla in the Pacific Northwest. If you think that you have seen hydrilla growing in Washington, please contact Kathy Hamel ([emailprotected]) or Jenifer Parsons ([emailprotected]) immediately.   The hydrilla line drawing is the copyright property of the University of   Florida Center for Aquatic Plants (Gainesville). Used with permission.   Follow This Link for Technical Information About Hydrilla Trouble in Paradise: Factors that Impact Coral Health Part C: Impact of Climate Change on Coral Reefs Scientists monitor coral health in a variety of ways. Sometimes they are able to take direct measurements, but at other times they must rely on remote measurements taken by satellites or on indicators such as ocean temperature or the presence of algal blooms algal blooms: the rapid excessive growth of algae, generally caused by high nutrient levels. Algal blooms can result in decreased oxygen in a body of water when the algae die, threatening the health of local marine life.. The rise of global temperatures due to increased levels of greenhouse gases-namely carbon dioxide- in the atmosphere is a major concern around the world. But did you know that as the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere increases, the amount of CO2 in the oceans rises as well? In fact, estimates indicate that the oceans have absorbed as much as 50% of all CO2 released into the atmosphere by human activity since 1750. What does this mean for ocean life and coral reefs in particular? Explore what happens to the ocean when CO2 content increases. Show me materials needed for this experiment Hide 300 mL bromothymol blue (a dye used as an acid-base indicator) aqueous solution 500 mL beaker drinking straw Pour the bromothymol blue solution into the beaker. Observe the color of the solution. Show me more information about bromothymol blue solution Hide When a bromothymol blue solution is neutral (like pure distilled water) it will appear green. If the solution is slightly basic, the solution will appear blue. If the solution is acidic, it will appear yellow. Bromothymol Blue pH indicator dye in an acidic, neutral, and alkaline solution (left to right). Take a drinking straw and place it into the solution. Exhale through the straw into the solution. BE CAREFUL NOT TO INHALE ANY OF THE SOLUTION! Keep blowing into the solution until you see a change in color. Checking In What happened to the bromothymol blue solution when you added carbon dioxide? Stop and Think 1: Based on what you observed in the experiment, what do you think the effect of increased carbon dioxide levels has on the ocean? What consequences might this have for coral reefs? Look at the image below showing the oceans involvement in Earths carbon cycle. http://serc.carleton.edu/eslabs/corals/5c.html Hydrilla From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Hydrilla Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae (unranked): Monocots Order: Alismatales Family: Hydrocharitaceae Genus: Hydrilla Rich. Species: H. verticillata Binomial name Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle in Lotus Pond, Hyderabad, India. Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Hydrilla verticillata Hydrilla (Esthwaite Waterweed or Hydrilla) is an aquatic plant genus, usually treated as containing just one species, Hydrilla verticillata, though some botanists divide it into several species. Synonyms include H. asiatica, H. japonica, H. lithuanica, and H. ovalifolica. It is native to the cool and warm waters of the Old World in Asia, Europe, Africa and Australia, with a sparse, scattered distribution; in Europe, it is reported from Ireland, Great Britain, Germany, and the Baltic States, and in Australia from Northern Territory, Queensland, and New South Wales.[1][2][3] Foliage detail It has off-white to yellowish rhizomes growing in sediments at the water bottom at up to 2 m depth. The stems grow up to 1-2 m long. The leaves are arranged in whorls of two to eight around the stem, each leaf 5-20  mm long and 0.7-2  mm broad, with serrations or small spines along the leaf margins; the leaf midrib is often reddish when fresh. It is monoecious (sometimes dioecious), with male and female flowers produced separately on a single plant; the flowers are small, with three sepals and three petals, the petals 3-5  mm long, transparent with red streaks. It reproduces primarily vegetatively by fragmentation and by rhizomes and turions (overwintering buds), and flowers are rarely seen.[2][4][5][6] Hydrilla has a high resistance to salinity (>9-10ppt) compared to many other freshwater associated aquatic plants. The name Esthwaite Waterweed derives from its occurrence in Esthwaite Water in northwestern England, the only English site where it is native, but now presumed extinct, having not been seen since 1941.[7] Hydrilla closely resembles some other related aquatic plants, including Egeria and Elodea. [edit] Status as an invasive plant Hydrilla is naturalised and invasive in the United States following release in the 1960s from aquariums into waterways in Florida. It is now established in the southeast from Connecticut to Texas, and also in California.[8] By the 1990s control and management were costing millions of dollars each year. Hydrilla can be controlled by the application of aquatic herbicides and it is also eaten by grass carp, itself an invasive species in North America. Insects used as biological pest control for this plant include weevils of genus Bagous and the Asian hydrilla leaf-mining fly (Hydrellia pakistanae). Tubers pose a problem to control as they can lay dormant for a number of years. This has made it even more difficult to remove from waterways and estuaries. As an invasive species in Florida, Hydrilla has become the most serious aquatic weed problem for Florida and most of the U.S. Because it was such a threat as an invasive species, restrictions were placed, only allowing a single type of chemical, fluridone, to be used as an herbicide. This was done to prevent the evolution of multiple mutants. The result is fluridone resistant Hyrdilla. As hydrilla spread rapidly to lakes across the southern United States in the past, the expansion of resistant biotypes is likely to pose significant environmental challenges in the future. [9] This abundant source of biomas is a known hyperaccumulator of Mercury, Cadmium, Chromium and Lead, and asuch can be used in phytoremediation.[10] shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrilla  · This page was last modified on 12 February 2010 at 10:35.  · Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of Use for details. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. Bromothymol blue From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Bromothymol blue IUPAC name[hide] 4,4-(1,1-dioxido-3H-2,1-benzoxathiole-3,3-diyl)bis(2-bromo-6-isopropyl-3-methylphenol) Identifiers CAS number 76-59-5  Y PubChem 6450 SMILES   [show] CC1=C(C(=C(C=C1C2(C3=CC=CC=C3S(=O)(=O)O2)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4C)Br)O)C(C)C)C(C)C)O)Br Properties Molecular formula C27H28Br2O5S Molar mass 624.38 g molà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢1 Density 1.25 g/cm3 Melting point 202  Ã‚ °C, 475  K, 396  Ã‚ °F Acidity (pKa) 7.10 Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, ÃŽÂ µr, etc. Thermodynamic data Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas Spectral data UV, IR, NMR, MS   Y  (what is this?)  Ã‚  (verify) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25  Ã‚ °C, 100  kPa) Infobox references Bromothymol blue (also known as bromothymol sulfone phthalein, Bromthymol Blue, and BTB) is a chemical indicator for weak acids and bases. The chemical is also used for observing photosynthetic activities or respiratory indicators (turns yellow as CO2 is added). Bromothymol blue acts as a weak acid in solution. It can thus be in protonated or deprotonated form, appearing yellow and blue respectively. It is bluish green in neutral solution. It is typically sold in solid form as the sodium salt of the acid indicator. It also finds occasional use in the laboratory as a biological slide stain. At this point it is already blue, and a drop or two is used on a water slide. The cover slip is placed on top of the water droplet and the specimen in it, with the blue coloring mixed in. It is sometimes used to define cell walls or nuclei under the microscope. Bromothymol blue is mostly used in measuring substances that would have relatively low acidic or basic levels (near a neutral pH). It is often used in managing the pH of pools and fish tanks, and for measuring the presence of carbonic acid in a liquid. A common demonstration of BTBs pH indicator properties involves exhaling through a tube into a neutral solution of BTB. As carbon dioxide is absorbed from the breath into the solution, forming carbonic acid, the solution changes color from green to yellow. Thus, BTB is commonly used in middle school science classes to demonstrate that the more that muscles are used, the greater the CO2 output. Bromothymol is also used in obstetrics for detecting premature rupture of membranes. Amniotic fluid typically has a pH > 7.2, bromothymol will therefore turn blue when brought in contact with fluid leaking from the amnion. As vaginal pH normally is acidic, the blue color indicates the presence of amniotic fluid. The test may be false-positive in the presence of other alkaline substances such as blood, semen, or in the presence of bacterial vaginosis. The pKa for bromothymol blue is 7.10. [edit] Indicator colors BTB indicator in pH acidic, neutral, and alkaline solutions (left to right). Bromothymol Blue (pH indicator) below pH 6.0 above pH 7.6 6.0 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬  7.6

Allergy :: essays research papers

Allergies are especially unique in the medical field because they differ among patients. An allergy is a specific immunologic reaction to a normally harmless substance, one that does not bother most people. People with allergies are often sensitive to many substances. Common allergens that cause allergic reactions include seasonal, outdoor allergens like tree, grass, and weed pollen, and year-round indoor allergens including dust particles, animal dander, and indoor mold. Most people usually can be cured by various treatments. Many people are curious why they are allergic and others are not. The answer to this is that allergies are genetic in almost all cases. Scientists and researchers believe that people inherit a tendency to be allergic, although not to any specific allergen. Children are much more likely to develop allergies if their parents have allergies. Interestingly, people with year-round (perennial) allergies commonly develop the problem as adults, and are more likely to be women than men. Symptoms can lessen as you get older, but they rarely completely disappear without treatment. Patients who usually have allergies suffer from many symptoms due to the allergic reaction(s). Normally, your immune system protects you against invading agents such as bacteria and viruses. Otherwise harmless allergens (allergy-producing substances) cause your body to react as if they were dangerous invaders. In effect, your immune system is responding to a false alarm. Some of the common allergens that disrupt the immune system are animal dander, molds, and dust mites. When you first come into contact with these allergens, your immune system treats the allergen as an invader and mobilizes an attack. The immune system does this by generating large amounts of a type of antibody (a disease-fighting protein) specific to the particular allergen you're allergic to. In the case of pollen allergy, the antibody is specific for each type of pollen: one antibody may be produced to react against oak pollen and another against ragweed pollen. This antibody attaches itself to certain cells in your body. The next time you come into contact with the allergen, the allergen attaches to the antibody like a key fitting into a lock, causing the release of powerful inflammatory chemicals, including histamine. These chemicals move into various parts of your body, such as your respiratory system, to cause allergy symptoms including runny nose, itchy eyes, and sneezing, am ong others. Patients who suffer from allergies usually have some serious disadvantages. Allergy patients usually have trouble sleeping, breathing, and sometimes even eating or drinking depending on the allergy.

Psychological Trauma in Truman Capotes In Cold Blood :: In Cold Blood Essays

Brian Conniff's article, "Psychological Accidents: In Cold Blood and Ritual Sacrifice," explains how Truman Capote's nonfiction novel demonstrates the psychological trauma that the murderers and the townspeople of Holcomb face after the murders of the Clutter family. Conniff begins his article by stating that in the last twenty-five years imprisonment and execution has reached an all-time high level of obsession among the American public. Since this type of violence has been so normalized it is rarely properly understood (1). With this in mind, prison literature has continually suggested that "the most fortified barriers are not the physical walls and fences between the prison, and the outside world; the most fortified barriers are the psychological walls between the preoccupations of everyday life . . .and the conscious realization that punishment is the most self-destructive kind of national addiction" (Conniff 1). Conniff believes that these psychological walls are most confronted in and clearly seen in In Cold Blood. When Perry Smith, one of the murderers, confesses to the crime to Agent Alvin Dewey, Agent Dewey is surprisingly disappointed. Agent Dewey discovers that the truth is more disturbing than anything he would have ever imagined. Conniff writes, "The truth, Dewey discovers, is at once more ordinary and more disturbing than anything he has been able to imagine" (2). Smith and Hickock did not murder the Clutters for revenge and they didn't even know their victims. The crime was a virtually impersonal act and Agent Dewey does not want to believe this (2). At first Capote was not concerned with the capture and punishment of the criminals. Capote underestimated the community's need for retribution and its need to return to normalcy by enacting a violence of its own (2). Before the murders the community lived an unfearful life, no locked doors, no suspicion of one another. This "normalcy" could not be restored until the murderers were caught and punished (2). When the community began to lock its doors at night, it was trying to keep the invader from outside the community out (2). When the Hickock and Smith were finally caught the community categorized them as animals, this "allowed the community to deprive them of their humanity" (2). Conniff goes on to say, "a common normalcy ultimately depends upon the complete exclusion of outsiders, the exorcism of these mysterious animals is just as important as their discovery and capture" (3).

Servis Shoes

SERVIS SHOES BY Muhammad Umer Hassan Masood S ervis Industries was started by two young energetic friends from Gujrat. These young individuals named Ch. Nazar Muhammad (Late) and Ch. Muhammad Hussain (Late) started a small scale business in 1941 in Lahore. At that time, they only manufactured handbags and a few other sports goods. But in few years, their business flourished and in 1954, they installed a shoe manufacturing plant in Gulberg, Lahore. Later, this plant was shifted to Gujrat and in 1959, Service Sales Corporation (Pvt. ) ltd. was established which has taken Service Industries to its highs.Service operates in to sectors, one is the manufacturing and other is the marketing. Manufacturing is under the Sevice Industries, while the marketing is under the Service Sales Corporation that was established in 1959. The main manufacturing plants or Service Indurtry is located in Gujrat and Mureedkay while the Service Sales Corporation is located in Lahore. Servis Shoes has a distribu tion alliance with many international brands which includes the following: * Nike * Hush Puppies * Pierre Cardin * Urban Sole * CAT * Ecc While the Servis Shoes include the following brands: Don Carlos * Cheeta * Soul * CALZA * Liza * Skooz * Toz Servis has over 400+ branches in Pakistan and 100 branches in Lahore itself. It is a growing business in international market, and currently it has retail outlets in operating in gulf areas (Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates), Keyna and Europe. Servis Shoes enjoys a rich history of excellent performance and it has given its consumers the best quality products within their economic range and with high durability. Servis Shoes offers nearly 200 products per season which is summer and winter.It entertains it consumers with variety, quality and durability which is within the income brackets of the consumers. Mission Statement â€Å"Spending time selecting the right footwear and making sure that they are comfortable, is time well spent† Vision Statement â€Å"To become a Global, World class and diversified company this leverages its brands and its people SWOT Analysis Strengths 1. Cover wide variety of customers 2. Extensive Retail Network 3. Employee Loyalty 4. Diversified range of businesses 5. Highly qualified management 6. Partnership with high end brands 7. Less Employ turnover rate . Strong brand image 9. Advanced Technology 10. Low cost of production 11. Largest footwear group in Pakistan Weaknesses 1. No proper planning regarding advertisement 2. More focused on sports and casual footwear rather than formal shoes 3. Female market penetration is weak 4. Low aspiration value in high income group 5. Weak corporate image of Service Group 6. As compare to other competitors distribution network is weak Opportunities 1. E commerce 2. Penetration in female segment 3. Entering new segments of market 4. Innovative products 5. New mediums for advertisement 6.Improve shopping experience at retail outlets Threats 1. Electricity and gas crises 2. Unstable political condition 3. Increase in Taxes 4. Poor law and order situation 5. Devaluation of Pakistani rupee 6. Stiff completion in market from local and foreign brands 7. Unbranded small players competing against different brands of servis Current Situation Political Trends Political instability is affecting the footwear industry and energy crises are the main issue as it increases the cost of production. The import of underpriced shoes has badly affected the domestic footwear industry.The government of encouraging both import and export that encourages the foreign investors to invest in Pakistan but it is making it difficult for the domestic producers to compete in prices of the product both domestically and internationally. Economic Trends Economic crises have badly affected footwear industry especially to the raw material used in manufacture footwear. The combine export of the shoe industry has decreased substantially. Social Trends In Pakis tan the life style of people is changing with a fast pace. Their life has become more money and time oriented. There is a major shift in the values of the people of Pakistan.People now prefer western life style rather than the traditional one. As cities are growing and more people shifting from ruler areas to urban areas therefore increase students, people having jobs and trend to play sports and healthy physical activities so this social trend has direct positive impact on demand of footwear industry. Technological Trends New technology trends also effecting footwear industry in Pakistan. Multinational competitors are introducing innovative techniques to manufacture footwear. Like in sports footwear new technology is being used regarding technical aspects on that particular sport.For processing of raw material like leather new techniques are being implemented by multinationals Decision Making Product line decision In the product line the major decision is the expansion of product l ine or the changes in the product mix which consists of the product lines. The marketing division of the Service Industries has to check what is the relation of new product to its existing product line. On the other hand it also has to check that what  will  be  the  effect  of  introducing  the  new  product  upon  the  existing products line or the  company image.The  expansion  in  product  line,  in  Service  Industries,  is  such  that  it  canintroduce a new product without pruning any product from the product line. Or  the company may introduce a new product while prune another product from the product line. There are some reasons for the pruning of a product from this product line. One reason may be that the product is not producing the desired profits Packaging decision The package decision about the product is another important area. Manymarketers have called packaging as the fifth ‘P’ of marketing. In Servic e Industries, zonal managers do the  packaging.They call the designers to  make the package design and select the best out of the total design Branding decision Branding  decision  is  also  one  of  the  most  important  decisions  in  themarketing. Service  Industries  has  branded  its  products  by  the  name  of  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Servis† Styling and designing Another way to product distinctiveness is through style and design. Some companies stand out for design distinctiveness. Service Industries is also one of these companies because it has its own styles and designs. In service industries the styles and designs are made with the help of local purchase officers who are responsible for making new  design Planning 012 will be a year full of challenges, and they want to be a company that outperforms the market in challenging times. The company’s diversification strategy, in its existing business and perhaps even in new businesses , is being followed with the country’s dynamics in mind. Continued focus on exports to identify new markets will turn out positively as the management believes that there are still many untapped markets in the world. The share in the domestic market still leaves room for growth, both in the tyre business and in the footwear business. Strategic plansThe strategic plans of the servis group are no different to other companies. To develop an organization with a cross-functional and self sustaining staff that champions the vision that has breadth and depth of knowledge in their function as it relates to producing a best-of-class product. The organization wants to increase the market share by attracting more valuable customers. But the main concern is to satisfy  customer by always providing them with the best quality product. To  be ahead of its competitors, by effectively utilizing the organizations competitive advantages.Never  get satisfied with  the  level  of  q uality; they always  strive  for  continuous improvement using latest techniques. To make their presence in the market well known they want to create a healthy and positive image of the products among consumers. Tactical Plans The tactical plans for the servis group is to keep up with the employment needs of the organization as they know that employees are the real assets and are as important as external customers. They want to stabilize their growth due to the financial crisis all over the world.The prices of raw material has increased substantially during past few years so they want to keep their over head costs as low as possible so that they will be able to provide quality products to the customers at affordable prices. Customer turnover rate has increased because of the launch of new low priced brands in the market; an extensive advertising plan is in action that will help retaining and bringing back the customers. Long term plans The long term plans of the ‘servisà ¢â‚¬â„¢ is to increase its market share by penetrating deeper into the market.Short-term plan The short term plan of the servis is to stabilize the growth of the company. In the retail shops Servis will sale their A pair articles through the advertisement then near the off  season  through  sales  then  through  reduction  in  prices then company will stop the production and send these all articles from retail to FOL and sale these articles Management by Objectives MBO is being strongly followed in the organization as almost all the employees work as a team and effectively participate in the decision making process.The employees are not over burdened by setting some unrealistic goals and employee evaluation is done once a year to check employee’s performance according to the objectives. For this purpose HR department uses 360 degree feedback as standard performance appraisal system. ISO 9001 certified The servis shoes are ISO 9001 certified this means that the y have:- * A quality policy that is well understood and followed at all levels and by all employees. * Each employee works towards a measurable objective. Business makes decisions about the quality system based on recorded data. * Quality system is regularly audited and evaluated for conformance and effectiveness * Company designs products after determining customer requirements * Organization has created systems for communicating with customers about product information, inquiries, contracts, orders, feedback, and complaints. * Organization regularly reviews performance through internal audits and meetings. Organization determines whether the quality system is working and what improvements can be made. Makes sure no one uses a bad product, * Determines what to do with a bad product, * Deals with the root cause of problems, and * Keeps records to use as a tool to improve the system. Chain Of Command Region 4 Region 3 Region 2 Region 1 CEO President Executive Vice President Chairman Executive Vice President Head of Human Resource Head of Exports Chief Financial Officer GM SIL Muridke Factory GM Domestic Sales Chief Commercial Officwer GM SIL Gujrat Factory The chain of command for service is quiet easy and simple to understand .It clearly defines that who reports to whom and everybody know its required work and there is no barriers to communication because according to HR Manager Mr Bilal Alam he said that â€Å"We make sure that there is no barriers between top managers and employee and we put our effort to ensure that every employee get an equal right in what he want to say and he has full access to the top authority†. Unity of command is also used by Service in order to get the best results possible from their employees because if there is no clear direction for employees that who will assess their work than they won’t be able to perform well and conflicts will rise.Span of control Wide span of control is used by the service because they have a large variety of products and manager needs quite wider range of subordinates. Managers of service make sure that theie employees work effectively and efficiently by assessing their work and providing them with the clear guidelines. Centralization VS Decentralization Decentralization process is used by the service department but within the limited range. They pass down the authority to those employees who have been working for the organization for more than 5 years because they have a better experience in handling the situation.Organic organization Service is based upon the organic organization which means that they are low in specialization, formalization and centralization. Servis has created a friendly environment within the organization and doors are always open for service employees to share their problems with the top authorities. Informal communication channel is being practiced with few rules and flattered structures. Structure of the organization Matrix structure is used b y the organization and the main reason behind it is that service has large amount of different product range and every products requires a product manager.Service has a major drawback in terms of this structure because its cost is high and it can create a sense of resentment within employees but on the other hand its advantages far exceeds its disadvantages. Servis has adopted the framework of the learning organization which means that they do not stick to the traditional ways of doing work but rather are adaptable to change and this has given Servis an edge over its competitors Bata which still sticks to the traditional methods. Over past years Servis has updated its staff, its machineries as well as their communication channels.Motivational Policies Promotion policies The company also motivates its employees by promoting them to higher level  jobs after specific period. For example, an employee working as a helper is promoted to the assistant supervisor after  specific period. Bonuses The company also motivates its employees by giving them bonuses. These bonuses   depend  on   yearly   profits  of  the  company. Usually they  give  the bonuses once a year according to the wages and the salaries of the workers Compensation and Reward systemSalary, Health Insurance,  Group Life Insurance,  Perk, Provident Fund, Bonus, Leave Fare Assistant, Paid Leaves etc. all these lay in the field of  compensation  and  rewards  management  in  SIL  these  rewards  and  jobcompensation are given to employees for keeping their morale high. 30%discount is given to  its employees on Service all products Employee Palnning:- Like any other organization, Servis undertake employee planning in order to make sure that they have right number of employees at the right time and at the right place.Employee planning is reaccessed every year in order to get their organization updated with employeees who can provide Servis with the best output possible. Recruitment Process:- The recruitment process is undertaken by HR manager every year and advertisement and interlinks are being used as a recruiting sources. It is not a pet decession to recruit employees through training and main emphasis is given on interlinks. Individuals and pannel interviews are being undertaken once the individuals get through that process than screening and short listing is being done.After all this process, employees are being recruited and there are mainly 2 types of employees 1. Experienced Employee 2. Fresh employee Work ethics are not thaught to employees because it comes with the employees but norms and values are being taught to everyone so that they may be familiar with the organization and perform their jobs within the boundaries defined by the organization. After employees has been part of the organization employee orientation is taken into accouny which means that employee are introduced to the company.Training is also an important part of the Servis in order to update their employees and achieve the highwst standards set by the organization. The important type of on the job trainig conducted by Servis include job rotation in order to develop multiple skills and off the job training include vestibule as well as simultaneous exercises. Conclusion and Recommendations Servis Shoes is doing exponentially good in the market and is proving to be a local Pakistani brand that is able to meet the quality bench mark set by Bata in Pakistan.Servis Shoes have used varies techniques to give this international brand a good competition with in Pakistan and is also spreading its network abroad. Servis’s sales have increased over the past three years and there has been no noticeable fall in the quality of Servis. However, there is still a need from the consumers’ side of further better quality products. Soul is doing exponentially good in market, and so is Cheetah, but from the analysis and research, it has been seen that Don Carlos is not doing as good as the other two products of Servis that were analysed.The quality of Don Carlos need to taken into account. Currently, Bata, the major competitor or Servis, is not giving any such competition to Servis in this line but other international products are. Zara, a local brand, is gaining popularity quickly; Studio Empoli has already made its image in Pakistan and so on. Servis needs to realize that in Don Carlos, its prime competitor is not Bata, in fact its multiple other brands, local and international both. Hence, Servis should cater to the needs of the consumers and expectations of the consumers accordingly.