Database Design P1, M1 & D1 Essay

Database is a place to store lots of data, imagine it as a giant virtual filling cabinet that can be organized in many ways. There’s software called (DBMS) which stands for database management system which allows the user to manage data in database such as; create, delete or update. Entities Entities are objects with significant mass and purpose, in database entities are tables. Every table contains many fields/attributes. The user must create a table before inputting any data. When creating a table you need to define a few things, data type, fields name & a description. Fields Name This is a column heading, this will display the title for the column etc first name, last name, address. Data Type This is the content of the data & the data type decides what content can be inputted & the file size. Description This is used to explain the content & shows a list of ‘limitations’ the user can change to get a more accurate reading etc. input mask. Attributes A characteristic, for example; a field has many attributes such as data like numbers or letters. Attributes can be used as a synonym for a â€Å"field†. In DOS systems, each files has an attribute, each file has many properties that shows if the file is â€Å"read only†, visible or encrypted. Queries A query is use for searching some specific record. It allow user to set conditions and then search the record which match the conditions. User also is able to make the search mix up with other table and sort the order of the result. Reports A Report is a summary of record. Everything you plain to print should put inside. Its purpose is for user to view information quickly and easily so display the result simply and efficiently is the main point. Forms Form is used for collect and edits information and transfers them to table. It is similar to application forms that allow user to fill in or delete their data easily and it also able to let user design own user interface. User can insert as much control as they like to build the user interface beautifully. Relationships Relationship types Database relationships are very similar in that they’re associations between tables. There are three types of relationships: One-to-one: both tables of the relationship have one field that matches up, for example; a married couple that both have a child that has no relation to the other partner. This rarely ever happens in a business organization One-to-many: one-to-many is where one table has none/one or many relations with the other table’s fields but the other table has only none/one field. For example, you have only one mother, but your mother may have several children. Many-to-many: Both tables have one/many relations to each other’s fields. Usually in this instance there are usually 3 tables. Benefits The benefits of having databases online are that it’s easier & quicker to do. The amount of paper saved & room is very beneficial. Its quicker & easier for the user to find important data in the database. The user can make forms to find & read information easier. The user can set rules to make the data input more accurate & legit. You can save the information on multiple storage units (hard drives) So if the information has been tampered with, there’s always a spare copy somewhere safe. Task 2 Primary key The primary key of a relational table uniquely identifies each attribute in the table. Primary keys could be a unique attribute such as â€Å"social security number† for a person or student etc. Primary keys may consist of a single attribute or multiple attributes in combination. Primary keys connect tables together in relationships Referential integrity There is a feature with databases called relational database management systems (RDBMS’s) that prevents users or applications from entering inconsistent data. Most RDBMS’s have referential integrity rules that you can apply when you create a relationship between two entities. For example, suppose Table B has a foreign key that points to a field in Table A. Referential integrity would prevent you from adding a record to Table B that cannot be linked to Table A. In addition, if I deleted a attribute in table A, if it is linked to table B, the data that is connecting both attributes will be deleted. This is called cascading delete. Finally, the referential integrity rules could specify that whenever you modify the value of a linked field in Table A, all records in Table B that are linked to it will also be modified accordingly. This is called cascading update. D1: Analyse Potential Errors in the Design & Construction of a Database and explain how these can be avoided There are many common errors that could occur while using database, it’s important to understand how these common error happen & what causes them. Deletion of records & fields Deleting important records & fields happen quite commonly, it’s caused by the user or by accident. If this does happen its always safe to know there is a copy of the data saved somewhere else in case this happens. It’s good to have a refresh back up time for 1 hour so every hour, the data renews itself. Human error leads to corruption or loss of fields so to ensure this doesn’t happen it would be best to set administrative rights to the right users so only the right people can edit or delete fields, if the wrong people try to use the database, an error or password will be shown. Making more than 1 copy of the data is wise just in case something happens to the first copy. Incorrect data types To decrease the chances of getting incorrect data types in database, its best to put input masks on the fields. This stops incorrect data being imputed on data forms like sign-up sheets. It’s also wise to have multiple choice questions & drop down menus; this makes it more accurate to get correct data. Using drop down menus makes it easier & quicker for the user to get a positive & effective data results. By using the drop down menus & multiple choice questions, it ensures correct spelling & grammar of important information. Validation To ensure the data is imputed clean & correct you need to use validation rules. This is done by setting rules in the design view where the user can set what data can be imputed & what is invalid. An effective tool is the â€Å"limit checker† where the user can set a limit to the amount of characters that can be imputed into the database. Range checks are effective to ensure etc. birthdays, it sets the month from 1-12 & has a set range to when the  person was born etc. 1950-2014 (we are currently on 2014 so I don’t need to extend the range). Grammar checks are there to make sure the data isn’t misspelt, it also makes personal information & letters easier to produce. There’s a rule that can be set up on database that checks the inputted data for any incorrect information, if it finds something wrong, an error message will pop up & notify the user. Null Values Null values is similar to validation in where the user needs to input data & there are a set of rules to ensure the user inputs the correct/legitimate data however null values are shown when no data has been inputted into a specific textbox. An error message will pop up if no data is put into a specific field, this rule is usually put on by the user as when starting database, you get a lot of blank fields. This rule is useful for fields that need data in them such as â€Å"personal details†, â€Å"bank details† etc. If the user doesn’t type in anything into the textbox & clicks â€Å"accept† or â€Å"enter† an error message will pop up notifying the user about the null values. The boxes with errors are marked differently to the textboxes without errors, this is to clearly identify where the error is & makes its easier & quicker for the user to resolve.

Islam/Christianity Views of Trade and Merchants Essay

Christianity and Islam both comprise very detailed and comprehensive outlooks relating to merchants and trade. In order for a religion to thrive, its views must sustain the growth of its cohorts’ economy. Therefore, the perception of trade and the numerous benefits obtained from it should at least be endured, if not encouraged. For the duration of the later half of this millennia, Islam and Christianity both had acknowledged trade as a essential means for survival. Islam’s’ perspectives of trade have changed slightly since its beginning. The three documents 2, 5 and 7 each share many common similarities. Each encouraged trade, but only when it is reasonable and moral. Islam instructs that the earnest merchant will be recognized among the martyrs upon his demise. However, in contrast, the corrupt merchant shall be chastised in the end (Doc 2). Ibn Khaldun recognized in the midst of the 14th century the essential need for merchants to preserve a stable economic system (Doc 5). This specific viewpoint acknowledges that of the Quran almost identically. The Islamic toleration of trade was undoubtedly restricted though. As late as the 17th century Islamic courts ruled that merchants should preserve customary practices/traditions and not give in to fresh more lucrative procedures (Doc 7). Islam is an extremely strict religion, but yet it still values the need for a successful economy. While trade was cautiously watched it has always been allowed to provide room for the expansion of Islam. Christianity however, experienced no radical transformations in its understandings on the subject, the policies were undoubtedly if not definitely lessened if not entirely stretched. As Christianity was at its very origin, during the time of 75 CE, the improbability of obeying Christianity as well as being a profitable merchant were highlighted in the Bible. It first becomes apparent through the bible’s text, when the bible reads: â€Å"though the rich man has no place in God’s kingdom.† As Christianity began to progress however, through it have been knowledge and exploration or simply greed, area for the merchant was made in the human insight of God’s plan. As Reginald, the monk of Durham illustrates, the rich man while once a  true Christian will have no more earthly desire for his once sought-after riches. His only desire will be to let go of earthly possessions and begin to seek God (Doc 3). The logic behind the bible’s preachings on trade provides an explanation to the direct sternness of the Christian Holy Book. This therefore lays the foundation for later intellectuals to entangle even more economic open-mindedness within the Christian teachings. By the late 1200s however, an almost Islamic outlook of trade was inherited by the Christians. In 1273, Thomas Aquinas highlights that all trade should be performed in a fair and just manner (doc 4). All throughout Christianity’s expansion, the world experienced many reformations and adaptations. Its outlook of trade wavered considerably from its founding to current day. Without this reformation however, Christianity would in all probability not be as broadly spread as it is today. Christianity and Islam today both share very comparable views/outlooks on trade. While Islam may have developed an effective policy from its early beginnings, Christianity arrived much later after countless years of adaptation and reformation. These guidelines/policies are just one out of the numerous contributing issues that made each of these two well-admired religions the most triumphant the world has ever seen.

Couse Outlie

Assumption University Martin de Tours School of Management Department of Management SYLLABUS SEMESTER 2/2011 Martin de Tours School of Management’s Vision To be the leading international business school in the ASEAN region providing high quality business education to enable graduates to make invaluable contributions to organizations and society. Martin de Tours School of Management’s Mission To shape our students into independent-minded graduates who are well-versed in business, able to communicate effectively, tech savvy, innovative, and ethical to successfully face global challenges.COURSE TITLE MGT3907 Business Communication Summer semester – MGT3907 is offered only in the evening program, NOT in the day program. BG2001 English IV A. Mingmada ([email  protected] com) Course Coordinator PRE-REQUISITES LECTURERS Day Program Evening Program OFFICE & CONTACT COURSE DESCRIPTION A. Tipnuch ([email  protected] edu ) A. Vrinporn ([email  protected] com) A. Polth ep ( p. [email  protected] com) A. Dilaka ( [email  protected] om) th MSM 4 Floor Development of written, oral, technical, and interpersonal skills for effective communication in the business world with emphasis on well-written business documents for diverse purposes; understanding of group and cross-cultural communication determinants for individual or organizational success; effective visual and oral presentation; and essential competence in some communication technologies widely used in business today. MGT3907 Course Outline – Page 1 of 11 Upon completion of MGT3907, the student should have 1. . Theoretical and applied knowledge of the purposes, formats, patterns, and media of modern business communication; 1. 2. The ability to compose business memos and letters for informative, positive, negative, and persuasive messages; 1. 3. Preparation for job interviews and searches; 1. 4. The ability to plan, research, compose, and present a short report; 1. 5. Skill in the tech nology currently used in business communication, including word processing and presentation software, e-mail, and the Internet; 1. 6.The ability to identify potential barriers to communication and apply techniques to overcome them; 1. 7. Appreciation of the value of diversity in meeting communication objectives; 1. 8. The ability to write effective formal and informal business documents of various kinds throughout a business career; 1. 9. An awareness of the importance of using correct grammar and punctuation in business writing. †¢ REQUIRED TEXT †¢ †¢ †¢ CLASS ATTENDANCE Locker, Kitty O. , and Donna S. Kienzler. Business and Administrative Communication. 9th ed. New York: McGrawHill/Irwin, 2010. http://lms2. u. edu 6 absents maximum (including both discussion and lecture classes) A student absent 7 or more times including lates, will not be allowed to take the final exam, according to University policy and the regulation of the Thailand Commission on Higher Educ ation. Here is the official policy: COURSE OBJECTIVES MARK ALLOCATION: Assignment/ Class work/Participation Quiz Proposal, presentation, short report Midterm examination Final examination TOTAL Penalty Marks 1. No submission to Report Copying Check 2. Presentation Quality Survey 10 5 15 20 50 100% Marks -50 -20Penalty marks will be subtracted from your total Assignments marks until that total reaches zero. EXAMINATION SCHEDULE: is not given here as it may change after this Course Outline is distributed. Students must check with Registration or look it up online with AuNet. MGT3907 Course Outline – Page 2 of 11 CLASS RULES Cheating Policy If any students or a group of students will be caught copying, partial/entire project or hire outside or inside person to do their works, the faculty consider such act as a serious matter which will automatically result in ‘F’ grade for an entire group.Changing section Students are neither allowed to study in other section they h ave not enrolled for, nor do the project with their friends in other sections. The lecturer does not have any authority to allow his/her students to switch section without proper authorization from the registrar. Dress code regulations for class: Wear proper attire Students wearing the following items will not be allowed to check their class attendance: †¢ Trousers and skirts made of jeans, corduroy, or velvet materials, or made in â€Å"jeans design. † †¢ Shirts / blouses in which the edges are not tucked inside trousers or skirts. Slippers. OTHER MATTERS Website (will be announced in class) LMS is our class website with †¢ PowerPoint and handout downloads, †¢ Announcements, etc. Email procedures 1. Email address – Each student must provide a valid, reliable email address to the lecturer and must check it daily for messages related to the course. 2. Email attachments should not be sent to the lecturer unless by the lecturer’s special request . Normally lecturers do not have time to save, scan for viruses, and open attachments, so email containing attachments will be rejected or discarded.Emailed assignments should be pasted into the body text of the email message. 3. Email subject header – Email to the course lecturer should always use the following email subject header format: Student ID#, Section #, Subject; for example, â€Å"4514444, 432, Assignment #1 [or Short Report, or Question about . . . , etc. ]. † Wrong: I. D. 4514444, [start with the number] Wrong: Assignment 1, 451444 [start with the number] Wrong: Somchai, 451444 [start with the number] Wrong: u4514444, [no ‘u’; check your ID card] Wrong: 451-4444, [no yphen; check your ID card] Wrong: 4514444, sec 444, [no â€Å"sec† or â€Å"section†] Right: 4514444, 432, Assignment #1 [or whatever] Copying an assignment from someone else and presenting it as one’s own is strictly forbidden. Neither the copied assignment n or the original will be accepted and neither can be revised. Unless instructed otherwise, always assume that assignments are individual, not group. Students should be very careful about showing their work to â€Å"friends†. MGT3907 Course Outline – Page 3 of 11Disturbing the class by socializing with classmates, making noise, or talking on a mobile phone while the lecturer is speaking will invite penalties such as being counted late or absent, being ejected from the classroom, having ID cards confiscated, or having marks subtracted from the final grade average. Students who do wish to learn must have the opportunity to do so to their best ability in an atmosphere conducive to learning. Late exam – The Coordinator of MGT3907 must be officially notified by the Department of Management in advance of the need for a late exam for any student.A student needing a late exam must first submit a petition with evidence at Registration. Later, if a late exam is approved by a committee, Registration will notify the student. The student should then check with the MGT3907 Coordinator to be sure that the Coordinator has also been officially notified by the Department of Management. Mobile phones must be turned off before their owners enter the classroom, and they must remain off and put away for the duration of the class—except during toilet visits, when they must be given to the lecturer.A lecturer’s mobile phone may remain on, however, for possible University business. A student caught using a mobile phone during class time will be, at minimum, counted late but may be counted absent with ID card confiscation. Plagiarism (copying the words or ideas of another writer without giving credit to the other writer) is forbidden and will be penalized severely. Preparation must be done before every class, which means reading over the relevant section of the textbook to be discussed and doing any assigned homework.Presentation Quality Survey – Discussion lecturers will assign you, or your group, to evaluate the short report presentations by the members of another group. The survey form is attached to the last page of this Course Outline Report copying check – the short report, due towards the end of the semester, will be submitted to your discussion teacher, but also must be emailed to [email  protected] com. Dress code regulations for examination: Wear full uniform Students are obligated to wear the University’s full uniform as stipulated in the University’s dress code regulations to take examinations.Failure to comply with the regulation will result in students not being allowed to appear for examinations, and subsequently, the student receiving â€Å"0† marks for the examination. To be eligible to appear for exams, students are required to wear full uniform: †¢ Male students must wear black/dark blue trousers, white button/collared shirt, black shoes, University neck-tie and belt buc kle. †¢ Female students must wear black/dark blue skirt, white button/collared shirt, clack shoes, and University buttons, pin, and belt buckle.Note: The students will not be admitted to the final exam later than 10 minutes after the exam starts. MGT3907 Course Outline – Page 4 of 11 COURSE CONTENTS AND TENTATIVE SCHEDULE MGT3907 COURSE SCHEDULE WEEK 1 (for week dates, see calendar following the schedule) LECTURE CLASS DISCUSSION CLASS Introduction to MGT3907, course outline, and resources, notably MGT3907 – LMS website http://lms2. au. edu Chapter 1: Succeeding in Business Communication Appendix A: Formats for Letters, Memos, and E-Mail Messages. Homework: Download hyperlinked Course Outline . df file AND the Powerpoints and handout package from LMS Each lecturer may omit, select, add, or modify the classwork or homework assignments as needed, for example, to discourage copying. The lecturer will specify how to submit each assignment, by paper or by email. If by email, students must follow the correct email procedure to receive credit. †¢ Self-introduction by Icebreaker methods. †¢ Break up into groups, discussion topic assigned. †¢ Discussion to share ideas. †¢ Assignment: write a memo individually based on group discussion and submit to the instructor In-class. Homework: Exercise 1. 10 Topics †¢ Kinds of audiences, needs, attitudes †¢ Group analysis of a particular audience †¢ Adapting messages for audiences 2 Chapter 2: Adapting Your Message to Your Audience. Appendix A: letter, memo, and email formats. Homework: Adding students: do homework from Week 1. 3 Chapter 5: Communicating Across Cultures. Homework: Adding students: do homework from Weeks 1 – 2. †¢ Discussion: â€Å"How Does Culture Affect Business Communication? † †¢ Discussion: Exercise 5. 2 – Identifying Sources of Miscommunication (group work) †¢ Homework: Exercise 5. 2 or 5. 8MGT3907 Course Outline â€⠀œ Page 5 of 11 4 Chapter 3: Building Goodwill Homework: Adding students: do homework from Weeks 1 – 2. Chapter 7: Planning, Composing, and Revising. Appendix B: Writing Correctly. †¢ Discussion: â€Å"Putting Yourself in the Other Person’s Shoes† †¢ Assignment/Homework: Exercise 3. 4 or 3. 13 Improving readability †¢ Connotation vs. denotation †¢ Active vs. passive †¢ Strong verbs †¢ Parallel structure †¢ Activity – work in groups on exercise 7. 11, 7. 15 The composing process †¢ Planning †¢ Writing †¢ Revising †¢ Editing †¢ Proofreading †¢ Activity – Exercise 7. 3 5 6Chapter 14: Informative and Positive Messages. Midterm Exam prep and resources The Midterm Exam covers through Week 7: Chapters 1, 2, 5, 3, 7, 14, 15 7 Homework: review Midterm Exam description in the Handouts Package. Chapter 15: Negative Messages †¢ Discussion of informative and positive messages. †¢ Checkli st for informative and positive messages, p. 419 †¢ Activity – using checklist to evaluate emails in Exercise 14. 4 †¢ Homework: Exercise 14. 8 or 14. 10 as lecturer directs. 8 Chapter 17: Planning and Researching Reports. Chapter 18: Writing Proposals and Progress Reports Overview of short report Checklist for Negative Messages, p. 456 †¢ Role Play on â€Å"Giving Bad News to Peers and Subordinates† †¢ Assignment: Exercise 15. 3 – Letters for Discussion – Credit Refusal (work in group, write up and discuss) †¢ Specifics of short report assignment: proposal, report, presentation †¢ Discussion: Exercise 17. 9, Evaluating Survey Questions MGT3907 Course Outline – Page 6 of 11 assignment. Homework: Locate and review documents for the short report assignment in the handouts package. Chapter 16: Crafting Persuasive Messages †¢ Homework: A proposal for your short report 10 Chapter 6: Working and Writing in Teams. 11 Cha pter 8: Designing Documents Chapter 9: Creating Visuals and Data Displays 12 Chapter 10: Making Oral Presentations. Powerpoints. †¢ Checklist for Direct Requests, p. 506 †¢ Checklist for ProblemSolving Persuasive Messages, p. 508 Assignment: Exercise 16. 6 – Choosing a Persuasive Approach †¢ Listening skills, roles in groups, decision-making, successful groups and meetings †¢ Discussion: short report proposals †¢ Discussion/homework: Exercise 6. 10 or 6. 15 †¢ Homework: begin working on short report. Importance, levels, guidelines, of document design †¢ Visuals, brochures, web pages †¢ Discussion: Exercise 9. 6 Interpreting Data (Choose one data set only. ) †¢ Homework: Continue work on short report. †¢ Planning effective presentations †¢ Selecting and organizing information †¢ Delivering effective presentations †¢ Handling questions during presentations †¢ Activity: Exercise 10. 2 Analyzing Openers And Clo sers †¢ Homework: Continue work on short report; some groups prepare to submit and present. †¢ Homework: Bring MGT3907 Course Outline – Page 7 of 11 Presentation Quality Survey form to next class. 3 Chapter 11: Building Resumes Chapter 12: Writing Job Application Letters Homework: 1. Presentation Quality Survey 2. Submission of report to Report Copying Check (follow procedures) [email  protected] com All submissions for the Survey and Report Copying must be received by the final exam date. Penalty marks apply to 1 and 2. Class presentations †¢ Activity: Presentation Quality Survey †¢ Homework due: Final short report due with 5minute oral presentation †¢ Homework: Submit report to Report Copying Check; Don’t forget ALL the ID numbers! No attachments. Homework: Bring Presentation Quality Survey form to next class. 14 Chapter 13: Interviewing For A Job. Chapter 4: Navigating The Business Communication Environment Class presentations †¢ Acti vity: Presentation Quality Survey †¢ Homework due: Final short report due with 5minute oral presentation The Final Exam is cumulative but mainly covers Weeks 8-15: Chapters 17, 18, 16, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 4 Homework: 3. Presentation Quality Survey 4. Submission of report to Report Copying Check (follow procedures) All submissions for the Survey and Report Copying must be received by the final exam date.MGT3907 Course Outline – Page 8 of 11 Week Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11 Week 12 Week 13 Week 14 Start 25 Oct 31 Oct 7 Nov 14 Nov 21 Nov 28 Nov 5 Dec 12 Dec 19 Dec 16 Jan 23 Jan 30 Jan 6 Feb 13 Feb End 28 Oct 4 Nov 11 Nov 18 Nov 25 Nov 2 Dec 9 Dec 16 Dec 23 Dec 20 Jan 27 Jan 3 Feb 10 Feb 17 Feb Inclusive 25-28 Oct 30 Oct-4 Nov 7-11 Nov 14-18 Nov 21-25 Nov 28 Nov-2 Dec 5-9 Dec 12-16 Dec 19-23 Dec 16-20 Jan 23-27 Jan 30 Jan-3 Feb 6-10 Feb 13-17 FebMGT3907 Course Outline – Page 9 of 11 MGT3907 Presentation Quality S urvey My ID: Presenter Group Number: Sec: Title of Presentation: Scale E x c e Item ll e n t 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2. 4. 2. 4. 6. 8. 2. 4. 2. 4. 2. 4. 2. 4. Opening/closing Speaking skills Opening/closing Speaking skills Opening/closing Speaking skills Opening/closing Speaking skills Opening/closing Speaking skills Opening/closing Speaking skills Opening/closing Speaking skills Scale E x c e l l e n t 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5Group: Date: For each item, circle the number to the right to evaluate its quality according to the criteria below. Student IDs Item P o Good o r P o Good o r ID: Comment: ID: Comment: ID: 1. 3. 1. 3. 5. 7. 1. 3. 1. 3. 1. 3. 1. 3. Visuals Interest Visuals Interest Visuals Interest Visuals Interest Visuals Interest Visuals Interest Visuals Interest 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Comment: ID: Comment: ID: Comment: ID: Comment: ID: Comment: Criteria 1. Visuals – Quality of photos, tables, charts, clip art, video, Powerpoint backgrounds, animations, colors, design. 2. Opening/closing – attempted to interest audience; communicated purpose of presentation; gave a meaningful or interesting conclusion that showed analysis, recommendation, or suggestion for future. 3.Interest – made presentation interesting in whatever way. 4. Speaking skills – Used smiling, gestures, eye contact; seemed confident; did not read but only sometimes referred to notes or Powerpoint; voice was clear and loud enough; did not often look away from audience; did not hold onto unnecessary paper, pen, or other prop for security; dressed appropriately; did not fidget with hands and feet or otherwise distract audience from message of presentation. MGT3907 Course Outline – Page 10 of 11

Customer Satisfaction on Marketing Mix of Lux Soap Essay

1. Introduction 1.1 Background of the study The trade atmosphere today is changing more rapidly than ever before. It is characterized by increasing competition from both domestic and foreign companies, a brandish of mergers and acquisitions, and more sophisticated and demanding customers who have great expectations related to their consumption experiences. Since services are intangible, heterogeneous, and inseparable, it is difficult to measure service quality objectively. So the companies have focus to so many different aspects in order to make sure their sales. This report deals with meeting up the new challenges that LUX is facing to manage the selling environment. LUX has stared so many projects to get a better position in the market. The objective of the study is to see customer satisfaction about marketing mix of LUX soap. 1.2 Significance This report is a requirement of the program for MBA program. We have tried our level best to make it as an excellent one. We used all the latest data and information. The report can help as the indicator of the level of satisfaction of the customers of the LUX soap and its marketing mix. It provides the true practice taking place in the marketing industry, which plays an important role for every student to meet the extreme challenges of the job market. It helps us in gathering knowledge on the modern practices of the marketing programs of LUX and its way to serve its customers. Its data comparison is based on the published information and further analysis. 1.3 Scope of the study It illustrates a study on customer satisfaction about the marketing mix of LUX soap. This report will help us to acquire information about the beautification industry of Bangladesh and systematically investigate the satisfaction pattern of the LUX soap users. This information will improve our knowledge, which will positively impact our learning experience. This report provides us the opportunity to exchange ideas with our classmates and faculty and learn about different techniques. It is necessary to stay current with new processes, ideas, and methods. By doing this report we get the opportunity to explore the areas of research and bring the new  information into our report. 1.4 Objective of the study 1.4.1 General Objective: The main objective of this report is to study the customer satisfaction on marketing mix of LUX soap. 1.4.2 Specific Objective: * To study the marketing mix of LUX soap. * To find out the level of customer satisfaction about LUX. * To know about the beautification industry of Bangladesh. * To know about the competitor products of LUX. * To know the impact of those competitor products on the customers of LUX. 1.5 Methodology: 1.5.1 Type of research design: We have applied â€Å"descriptive research† to conduct the report. This includes the method of data collection and the sources of the data or information of the research. 1.5.2 Source of data: 1.5.2.1 Primary data: This type of data collected by doing survey and observes the behavior of the customer. 1.5.2.2 Secondary data: This type of data collected from official web site of LUX, and different articles. 1.5.3 Data collection procedure: We have used data both qualitative and quantitative method .We have collected data for this report in two ways: 1.5.3.1 Primary data: We collected primary data through survey and for doing survey we have prepared a questionnaire on LUX soap. We observe the behavior of customer. 1.5.3.2 Secondary data: In order to collect secondary data we used official website of Unilever Bangladesh, LUX and different articles related with this topic. 1.5.4 Research instruments: 1.5.4.1 Questionnaire: As a tool for collecting primary data a questionnaire was constructed to carry on the sample survey. 1.5.5 Sample plan: 1.5.5.1 Population: The entire customer group of LUX soap. 1.5.5.2 Sample elements: The sample element is the individual customer of LUX soap. 1.5.5.3 Sample frame: No structured sample frame was found. 1.5.5.4 Sample procedure: Non-probability convenience sampling procedure is used in the survey. 1.5.5.5 Sample size: The sample size is 30 customers. 1.6 Limitation: The present study was not out of limitations. Some constraints are given bellow— * The main constraint of the study is inadequate access to information, which has hampered the scope of analysis required for the study. It was unable to provide some formatted documents data for the study. * Due to time limitations, many of the aspects could not be discussed in the present report. * The customers were too busy to provide much time for interview. * The customers couldn’t provide proper information about some aspect due to their lack of knowledge. * Only few areas of Dhaka city have been considered for the study. * Samples were selected conveniently. * The sample size does not represent the total 2. Overview of the Product 3.1 Profile: LUX is a global brand developed by Unilever. The range of products includes beauty soaps, shower gels, bath additives, hair shampoos and conditioners. LUX started as â€Å"Sunlight Flakes† laundry soap in 1899.In 1924, it became the first mass market toilet soap in the world. It is noted as a brand that pioneered female celebrity endorsements. As of 2005, LUX revenue is estimated at â‚ ¬1 billion, with market shares spread out to more than 100 countries across the globe. Today, LUX is the market leader in several countries including Pakistan, Brazil, India, Thailand and South Africa. Developed by Unilever, LUX (soap) is now headquartered in Singapore. LUX launched the world’s first mass market beauty bar, â€Å"made like the costliest French soap†. Since then, LUX has been associated with over 400 of the  world’s most glamorous actresses from Hollywood legends like Elizabeth Taylor, Audrey Hepburn, and Grace Kelly, to Bollywood Royalties such as Aishwarya Rai and Katrina Kaif. Origins and history: The brand was founded by the Lever Brothers (today known as Unilever) in 1899. The name changed from â€Å"Sunlight Flakes† to â€Å"LUX† in 1900, a Latin word for â€Å"light† and suggestive of â€Å"luxury.† LUX toilet soap was launched in the United States in 1925 and in the United Kingdom in 1928. Subsequently, LUX soap has been marketed in several forms, including hand wash, shower gel and cream bath soap. Early beginnings: LUX’s early advertising campaigns aimed to educate users about its credentials as a laundry product and appeared in magazines such as Ladies Home Journal. By the early 1920s, it was a hugely successful brand and in 1924, the Lever Brothers conducted a contest that led them to a very interesting finding: women were using LUX as toilet soap. Building beauty soap credentials: Introduced in the United States in 1924, LUX became the world’s first mass market toilet soap with the tagline â€Å"made as fine as French Soap†. In the first 2 years of launch, LUX concentrated on building its beauty soap credentials. Advertisements offered consumers â€Å"beauty soap made in the French method† at an affordable price, with the promise of smooth skin. Made with fine-texture, rich in fragrance, and manufactured using a method created in France, the first LUX toilet soap was sold for 10 cents apiece. 1928–1940: 9 out of 10 stars: This era saw key launches of LUX in the UK, India, Argentina and Thailand. The brand concentrated on building its association with the increasingly popular movie world, focusing more on movie stars and their roles rather than on the product. In 1929, advertising featured 26 of the biggest female stars of the day, creating a huge impact among the movie-loving target  audience. This was followed by Hollywood Directors talking about the importance of smooth and youthful skin. This pioneered the trend of celebrity product endorsements. The series of print ads had stars talking about preserving youthful skin. LUX also launched campaigns featuring interviews with Stars and Close Ups of Stars, bringing to life the ‘9 out of 10’ idea. 40s & 50s: Romancing the consumer: Using movie star as role models, LUX’s strategy was to build relevance by looking at beauty through the consumer’s eyes. While still retaining the star element, the focus shifted to the consumer and the role of the brand in her life. Advertising commercials showed ordinary looking women with direct references to stars, such as Deanna Durbin. 60s: Romancing the brand: The 60’s saw a shift in advertising to product stories and the romanticizing of brand through its â€Å"sensorial & emotional† dimensions. This was the era of ‘the film star feeling’ and the ‘Golden LUX’, featuring stars such as Sandra Dee, Diana Rigg and Samantha Eggar. The bathing ritual, the ‘fantasy’ element that has been the imagery of LUX was created in this era. The brand also moved forward with launching LUX in the Middle East, entering a more conservative market. 70s: Dimensionalizing beauty: Reflecting the shift in beauty trends in the 70s, the LUX stars stepped down from their pedestals and were portrayed as multi-faceted women with natural, wholesome beauty that the ordinary consumer could relate and aspire to. The executions were more of ‘a day in the life’ of the stars with focus on their ‘natural beauty’. Stars included Brigitte Bardot and Natalie Wood. 80s: Owning the category space: Establishing itself as THE beauty soap for stars and beautiful women, the 80s emphasized the importance of skin care – the first step to beauty. LUX was launched in China at this time. Sophia Loren, Raquel Welch and Cheryl Ladd were some famous celebrities used during this time. In India actresses Hema Malini, Parveen Babi, Madhuri Dixit, endorsed LUX soap. 90s – Early 2000s: Advanced skin benefits: In the 90s, LUX moved from generic beauty benefits to focus on specific benefits and transformation. More emphasis on functionality and variant associations with different skin types as well as mention of ingredients. The communication was far more regional specific and localized, using stars like Malu Mader and Debora Bloch. This period launched product brand extensions Shower Cream and Gels and LUX Super Rich Shampoo in Japan and China. 2000s: Beyond movie stars: In early 2000, the focus shifted from specific skin benefits to a stronger emotional space. The brand provided the link between the aspirational role models and real life with the campaign, ‘LUX’ brings out the star in you’. The benefit was now more than just beauty, it was also about the confidence that comes from beautiful skin. In 2005, LUX encouraged women to celebrate and indulge their femininity with the â€Å"Play with Beauty† philosophy, with stars like Aishwarya Rai. The brand also connected with consumers to take a more ‘active’ stance on beauty. From 2008, building off the brand’s root strengths, focus has shifted to beauty (vs. femininity), appealing to consumers’ fantasies and aspirations. LUX believes that ‘beauty is a female instinct that shouldn’t be denied’ and showcases the pleasure that every woman enjoys from using her beauty, encapsulating that idea in a simple phrase: Declare your beauty. Today, LUX products are manufactured at 71 locations with more than 2000 suppliers and associates providing the raw materials. It has key markets in Pakistan, Brazil, China, Bangladesh and South Africa, and is a market leader in India (for soap bars), Pakistan, Brazil, Saudi Arabia (for soap bars), Bangladesh, Thailand and Vietnam. 3.2 Vision, mission, goals and objectives: LUX began its story in 1924 as the first mass marketed beauty soap. Now sold in over 100 countries, it is the most recognizable soap brand in the world – bringing a combination of fun, pleasure and comforts to women’s beauty routines the world over. Since its start in 1924 as the first mass marketed beauty soap, LUX has made its way to over 100 countries across the globe and  is now the most recognizable soap brand in the world. During this long journey, some of the world’s most talented and beautiful women have become a part of LUX’s history as brand ambassadors. LUX combines exquisite fragrances with the most exotic ingredients to give a truly unique bathing experience. VISION It is the vision of LUX to give women that million dollar feelings every time they use a LUX product, be it one of their fragrant beauty soaps or refreshing body washes. LUX believes beauty doesn’t have to be a chore and brings a combination of fun, pleasure and comfort to women’s beauty routines all over the world. MISSION The mission of LUX is to embrace consumers’ new expectation, to maintain good governance, product quality and long experience of working with communities. Their vitality mission will focus brands on meeting consumer needs arising from the biggest issues around the world today – ageing populations, urbanization, changing diets and lifestyles. They see growing consumer need for: * A healthy lifestyle * More variety, quality, taste and enjoyment * Time, as an increasingly precious commodity * Helping people to feel good, look good and get more out of life will enable us to meet these needs and expand our business. GOALS The goals of LUX are- * To maintain strong science capability. * Ensuring the quality of the raw materials and the ingredients needed to make products. * To manufacture high-standard products. * Promoting products to the highest extent. * Producing large volume to achieve production cost economies. * Enabling quality products to be sold out at obtainable product. * Maintaining healthy relationship with the customers. OBJECTIVES The objectives of LUX are- Always working with integrity: Conducting operations with integrity and with respect for the many people, organizations and environments. Positive impact: LUX aim to make a positive impact in many ways: through the brands, commercial operations and relationships, through voluntary contributions, and through the various other ways in which they engage with society. Continuous commitment: They’re also committed to continuously improving the way they manage the environmental impacts and are working towards the longer-term goal of developing a sustainable business. Setting out our aspirations: Their corporate objective sets out their aspirations in running business. It’s underpinned by the code of Business Principles which describes the operational standards that everyone at Unilever follows, wherever they are in the world. The code also supports their approach to governance and corporate responsibility. Working with others: They want to work with suppliers who have values similar to them and work to the same standards as they do. 3.3 LUX Range: LUX Peach & Cream blends juicy peach and moisturizing cream extracts to give you velvety, soft skin. LUX Fresh Splash is crafted with the icy freshness of cooling mint and the invigorating power of sea minerals to transform your skin from dull to vibrant in an instant. LUX Sandal & Cream uses extracts of alluring sandalwood and a unique consistency of moisturizing cream to give your skin a captivating and mesmerizing glow. LUX Purple Lotus & Cream is infused with fragrant moisturizing and beauty oils, leaving your skin silky smooth. 3.4 SWOT Analysis for LUX: The SWOT analysis for LUX helps identify the internal environment, its strengths and weaknesses as well as the external environment faced by it, and the opportunities and threats that it presents: Strengths: * LUX possesses a very strong network of market research. * LUX has a very wide range of products to offer. * The parent company of LUX has helped in establishing a strong supply and distribution network. Besides, it also has access to the resources of the parent company of Unilever. * LUX possesses a very strong brand image in the market. * The focus of LUX is going strong on beauty segment. * LUX is a dynamic brand and is undergoes changes as per the changes in demand and trend. * The brand has innovative sales promotions tactics that spread across different forms of media – print, electronic and social. * The brand is known to deliver value-for-money in the eyes of the consumers. * It has a broad market presence and mass appeal, being the market leader in so many countries. * As per the BCG matrix, developed by the Boston Consulting Group, LUX can be put into the STAR category for high market growth and high market share. Weaknesses: * LUX lacks a unisex appeal as it has essentially been portrayed as a women’s beauty soap and has a lot of feminine appeal. * The wear rate of the soap is very high. It gets dissolved pretty fast and gets mushy and soggy quickly. * Certain variants of the soap, like the Haute Pink, Sunscreen, etc did not do so well in the market as some of its other variants have. * The stock replenishment in semi-urban areas and rural areas is quite long, despite having such a wide distributor network. This leads to stock out in these areas. * Some of its advertisements have been quite controversial. * It includes too much base which makes the skin dry. Opportunities: * The industry today is growing at a rate of more than 10% per annum. * LUX can yield great benefits by reinforcing itself in the beauty segment. * Promotions strategies like trade fare, price offs, sample distributions, etc are essential with competitors. * The soap is in the maturity stage of its life cycle, so it is essential that a retentive strategy be adopted so that this can be sustained. * Ayurvedic variant of LUX could have a big scope in the market. So far, the only variant of LUX that has somewhat come close to Ayurveda, though not actually is the festive glow variant, which had the goodness of haldi and chandan ubatan. This could cater to a new segment in the market. * LUX Kids Special soap would also help the brand greatly, as this segment has been running dry for quite some time now. In this way, brand loyalty could be caught young. * The brand extension products of LUX – the body washes, with its new range launched recently, is in the growth stage of its life cycle. They can pick up fast pace is positioned and marketed properly. Active marketing of these body washes is going on in the social media. * It can also launch face wash range as it is in great demand to today’s women. Threats: * Number of competitors is rising – ITC, P&G, etc are fast catching up. * High internal competition also exists for the soap like Dove. * LUX seems overly relied on the beauty segment, so in case the consumer trends or preferences change, then LUX stands to be highly vulnerable. * More focus needs to be put on the newer technology. * If constant reinvention is not there, then LUX can slip down from the maturity stage it currently is in and get into a declining phase. 3.5 Marketing Mix of LUX: This chapter describes the way Unilever Bangladesh Ltd. use the tactical marketing tools for marketing LUX in Bangladesh. The chapter comprises of four sections. Section 2.5.1 discusses the product attributes of LUX. Section 2.5.2 visualizes the price of LUX according to different size. Section 2.5.3 conceptualizes the distribution channel of Unilever Bangladesh Ltd. This section includes a table that shows the location of the company’s  warehouses all around the country. Finally section 2.5.4 discusses the promotional activities that the company undertakes for LUX. 2.5.1 Product: LUX is an internationally renowned beauty soap brand of Unilever. Though manufactured in Bangladesh for the local market by Unilever Bangladesh Ltd, as an international brand, it maintains an international quality for the product. Formula given by Research and Development departments in foreign countries, LUX is produced in Bangladesh from imported raw materials like sodium soap, glycerol and different extracts according to flavors, coming from Unilever plants situated abroad. LUX is offered in Bangladesh in four different flavors which are: LUX Peach & Cream, LUX Fresh Splash, LUX Sandal and cream and LUX Purple Lotus & Cream. Taking into account the convenience of its customers, the company manufactures all flavors of LUX in three different sizes, 40gm, 80gm and 120gm. 2.5.2 Prize: Though Unilever Bangladesh gives its LUX customers a lot in terms of the product itself, it cannot provide a better pricing. This is due to some constraints in the beauty soap industry. Beauty soap is a product with a vulnerable demand in Bangladesh. A change in price has a high risk of creating price war among the rivals which will eventually cause a loss of profit. Its prices are almost equal to its competitor. Company carries out research on competitors’ price and brand loyalty when it feels extreme necessity of changing price. 2.5.3 Place: Unilever Bangladesh Ltd. has a huge distribution channel for LUX all over the country as its sales reach more than 10 million pieces a year. The company has six huge warehouses, one in each division of Bangladesh, where the product goes after they are manufactured at Kalurghat factory. The company does not use its own fleet of transport for distributing its product. However, it has outsourced its distribution process to various  third party distributors, exclusively dedicated to Unilever Bangladesh Ltd. These distributors then supply the product all over Bangladesh to a huge number of retailers. Even though LUX targets the urban and sub urban middle and upper middle class people they are distributing their products all over Bangladesh because of a recent increase in demand of its product to all segments of the population. 2.5.4 Promotion: Unilever Bangladesh undertakes huge promotional activities to promote LUX which has topped the beauty soap industry of Bangladesh. It spends almost 20% to 25% of its Net Proceeds from Sales (NPC) of LUX for promotional activities for LUX. It’s certain annual promotional campaigns like LUX Channel i Superstar and LUX Channel i Annual Cinema Awards has made the product a part of the glamour world. Since the 1930s, over 400 of the world’s most stunning and sensuous women have been proudly associated with LUX advertisements. They do not only promote LUX in Bangladesh for the beauty conscious females, it also promotes the brand for males and the company proved that, by including world famous male celebrity Shahrukh Khan for their advertising campaign. Unilever Bangladesh Ltd spends a huge amount of money for promoting LUX through TV commercials, newspaper advertisements and billboards. 3. Theoretical Aspect 3.1 Customer satisfaction: Customer satisfaction is a term frequently used in marketing, is a measure of how products and services supplied by a company meet or surpass customer expectation. Customer satisfaction is defined as â€Å"the number of customers or percentage of total customers, whose reported experience with a firm, its products, or its services (ratings) exceeds specified satisfaction goals†. In a survey of nearly 200 senior marketing managers, 71 percent responded that they found a customer satisfaction metric very useful in managing and monitoring their businesses. The importance of measuring customer satisfaction is discussed below: * It is seen as a key performance indicator within business and is often part of a Balanced Scorecard. In a competitive marketplace where businesses compete  for customers, customer satisfaction is seen as a key differentiator and increasingly has become a key element of business strategy. * Within organizations, customer satisfaction ratings can have powerful effects. They focus employees on the importance of fulfilling customers’ expectations. Furthermore, when these ratings dip, they warn of problems that can affect sales and profitability. These metrics quantify an important dynamic. When a brand has loyal customers, it gains positive word-of-mouth marketing, which is both free and highly effective. Therefore, it is essential for businesses to effectively manage customer satisfaction. To be able do this, firms need reliable and representative measures of satisfaction. * In researching satisfaction, firms generally ask customers whether their product or service has met or exceeded expectations. Thus, expectations are a key factor behind satisfaction. When customers have high expectations and the reality falls short, they will be disappointed and will likely rate their experience as less than satisfying. For this reason, a luxury resort, for example, might receive a lower satisfaction rating than a budget motel—even though its facilities and service would be deemed superior in ‘absolute’ terms. * Customer satisfaction provides a leading indicator of consumer purchase intentions and loyalty. Customer satisfaction data are among the most frequently collected indicators of market perceptions. * Within organizations, the collection, analysis and dissemination of these data send a message about the importance of tending to customers and ensuring that they have a positive experience with the company’s goods and services. * Although sales or market share can indicate how well a firm is performing currently, satisfaction is perhaps the best indicator of how likely it is that the firm’s customers will make further purchases in the future. Much research has focused on the relationship between customer satisfaction and retention. Different processes to measure Customer satisfaction are given below: 1. Theoretical Ground: In literature antecedents of satisfaction are studied from different aspects. The considerations extend from psychological to physical and from normative to positive aspects. However, in most of the cases the consideration is  focused on two basic constructs as customers’ expectations prior to purchase or use of a product and his relative perception of the performance of that product after using it. Expectations of a customer on a product tell us his anticipated performance for that product. As it is suggested in the literature consumers may have various â€Å"types† of expectations when forming opinions about a product’s anticipated performance. 2. The Disconfirmation Model: The Disconfirmation Model is based on the comparison of customers’ expectations and their perceived performance ratings. Specifically, an individual’s expectations are confirmed when a product performs as expected. It is negatively confirmed when a product performs more poorly than expected. The disconfirmation is positive when a product performs over the expectations. There are four constructs to describe the traditional disconfirmation paradigm mentioned as expectations, performance, disconfirmation and satisfaction. The usual measures of customer satisfaction involve a survey with a set of statements using a Likert Technique or scale. The customer is asked to evaluate each statement and in term of their perception and expectation of performance of the organization being measured. Their satisfaction is generally measured on a five-point scale. Customer satisfaction data can also be collected on a 10-point scale. Regardless of the scale used, the objective is to measure customers’ perceived satisfaction with their experience of a firm’s offerings. Good quality measures need to have high satisfaction loadings, good reliability, and low error variances. 3.2 Marketing mix: The marketing mix is a business tool used in marketing and by marketing professionals. The marketing mix is often crucial when determining a product or brand’s offering, and is often synonymous with the four Ps: price, product, promotion, and place; in service marketing, however, the four Ps have been expanded to the Seven Ps or eight Ps to address the  different nature of services. In recent times, the concept of four Cs has been introduced as a more customer-driven replacement of four Ps. And there are two four Cs theories today. One is Lauterborn’s four Cs (consumer, cost, communication, convenience), another is Shimizu’s four Cs (commodity, cost, communication, channel). ————————————————- 3.2.1 Producer-oriented model The marketer E. Jerome McCarthy proposed a four Ps classification in 1960, which has since been used by marketers throughout the world. Classification| Category| Definition| Product| A product is seen as an item that satisfies what a consumer demand. It is a tangible good or an intangible service. For example good will for intangible. Tangible products are those that have an independent physical existence. Typical examples of mass-produced, tangible objects are the motor car and the disposable razor. A less obvious but ubiquitous mass-produced service is a computer operating system. Every product is subject to a life-cycle including a growth phase followed by a maturity phase and finally an eventual period of decline as sales falls. Marketers must do careful research on how long the life cycle of the product they are marketing is likely to be and focus their attention on different challenges that arise as the product move.The marketer must also consider the product mix. Marketers can expand the current product mix by increasing a certain product line’s depth or by increasing the number of product lines. Marketers should consider how to position the product, how to exploit the brand, how to exploit the company’s resources and how to configure the product mix so that each product complements the other. The marketer must also consider product development strategies. | Price| The amount a customer pays for the product. The price is very important as it determines the company’s profit and hence, survival. Adjusting the price has a profound impact on the marketing strategy, and depending on the price elasticity of the product, often it will affect the demand and sales as well. The marketer should set a price that complements the other elements of the marketing mix. When setting a price, the marketer must be aware of the customer perceived value for the  product. Three basic pricing strategies are: market skimming pricing, market penetration pricing and neutral pricing. The ‘reference value’ (where the consumer refers to the prices of competing products) and the ‘differential value’ (the consumer’s view of this product’s attributes versus the attributes of other products) must be taken into account. | Promotion| All of the methods of communication that a marketer may use to provide information to different parties about the product. Promotion comprises elements such as: advertising, public relations, personal selling and sales promotion. Advertising covers any communication that is paid for, from cinema commercials, radio and Internet advertisements through print media and billboards. Public relations is where the communication is not directly paid for and includes press releases, sponsorship deals, exhibitions, conferences, seminars or trade fairs and events. Word-of-mouth is any apparently informal communication about the product by ordinary individuals, satisfied customers or people specifically engaged to create word of mouth momentum. Sales staff often plays an important role in word of mouth and public relations (see ‘product’ above). | Place| Refers to providing the product at a place which is convenient for consumers to access. Various strategies such as intensive distribution, selective distribution, exclusive distribution and franchising can be used by the marketer to complement the other aspects of the marketing mix. | ————————————————- ————————————————- 3.2.2 Consumer-oriented model Robert F. Lauterborn proposed a four Cs classification in 1993 which is a more consumer-oriented version of the four Ps that attempts to better fit the movement from mass marketing to niche marketing: â€Å"P† category| â€Å"C† category| â€Å"C† definition| Product| Consumer solution| Represents the actual product which meets up the consumer needs and wants.| Price| Cost| Reflecting the total cost of ownership. Many factors affect Cost, including but not limited to the customer’s cost to change or implement the new product or service and the customer’s cost for not selecting a competitor’s product or service.| Promotion| Communication| Represents a broader focus. Communications can include advertising, public relations, personal selling, viral advertising, and any form of communication between the organization and the consumer.| Distribution(Place)| Convenience| With the rise of Internet and hybrid models of purchasing, Place is becoming less relevant. Convenience takes into account the ease of buying the product, finding the product, finding information about the product, and several other factors.| 4. Analysis & Findings We have conducted our survey on â€Å"Customer Satisfaction about the Marketing mix of LUX soap†. We have design our sample with 30 respondents. Respondent Sample: Among 30 people, 25 were female and 5 people were male. Among 25 Female most respondents were students of Masters, Bachelors and colleges, some respondents were housewives (4 people). In case of Male respondents all were the students. Total Respondents| 30| Female Respondents| 25| Male Respondents| 5| Figure 1: Types of respondents Age of Respondents: We divided respondent’s age into four categories. The categories are 15-20 years, 21-30 years, 31-40 years and 41-50 years. Among 30 respondents 3 respondent’s age were in between of 15 to 20 years, one respondent was from the age category 41-50 years, 3 respondents were from 31-40 years and the others (23 respondents) were in between of 21 to 30 years. Age| No of Participants| Between 15 to 20| 3| Between 21 to 30| 23| Between 31 to 40| 3| Between 41 to 50| 1| Figure 2: Age of respondents 1. Are you Happy with this Brand? Options| No of Respondents| Yes| 29| No| 1| Figure 3: Level of satisfaction of respondents with the brand When we asked about this question, 29 people agree that they are happy with this Brand LUX. Only one person seems to be unhappy. Her only reason for disappointment was, in her opinion this soap should contain extra moisture. From the above graph it is seen that 97% people are happy with this brand and 3% is unhappy. 2. Which features do you like most? Options| No. Of respondents| Color| 5| Shape| 2| Price| 0| Fragrance| 23| Others| 0| Figure 4: Level of preferred feature of the soap by the respondents We have observed that 17% of people like the different color of LUX soap.7% people like the shape of LUX and among 30 people 23 people or 76% agree that among all the features, the fragrance of LUX soap is the best feature of LUX. 3. Do you like to add any other aroma? Options| No of Respondents| Neem| 7| Lemon| 3| Orange| 4| Strawberry| 6| Rose| 10| others| 0| Figure 5: Level of suggested new aroma to the soap by the respondents When we are conducting the survey, we observed that every people want to add other aromas like Rose, Neem, Strawberry, orange in LUX soap. It is seen that 34% people want the aroma of Rose, 23% like to add Neem, 20% want the fragrance of Strawberry, 13% orange and 10% want Lemon aroma in LUX soap. 4. According to quality, which brand is the strong Competitor of LUX? Options| No of Respondents| Dove| 20| Sandalina| 8| Tibet| 0| Meril| 0| Dettol| 2| Others| 0| Figure 6: Level of competitors of LUX According to quality, 67% respondents think that â€Å"Dove† is the strong competitor of LUX. Other 27% person thinks â€Å"Sandalina† as the strong competitor. Rest 6% feels â€Å"Dettol† is strong competitor of LUX. We have put Tibet and Meril as other options but no one thinks these are the strong competitor of LUX brand. Respondents also mentioned that â€Å"Dove† is very much expensive but in terms of quality this soap is excellent. On other hand the quality of â€Å"Sandalina† is good enough and less expensive. On other hand, â€Å"Dettol† is specially known as the bar soap which fights against the wide range of germs. 5. Are you satisfied with the quality of this soap? Options| No of respondents| Yes| 18| No| 12| Figure 7: Level of satisfaction with the quality of the soap by the respondents From the survey we get that, 60% of the respondents are satisfied with the quality of LUX soap. Remaining 40% are not satisfied. When we asked about the dissatisfaction of the participants, they show the cause of higher amount of alkali in the soap which makes the skin rough enough. 6. For how long you have been using LUX? Options| No of Respondents| Below 2 Years| 5| Between 5 to 10 years| 25| Over 10 years| 0| Figure 8: Level of time period of using LUX by the respondents During the time of survey we noticed that 83% of the people are using LUX for more than 5 to 10 years, rest amount of participants which means 17% are using LUX below than 2 years. 7. Which type of fragrance you have used in LUX? Options| No of respondents| Peach and cream| 3| Fresh splash| 7| Sandal and Cream| 12| Purple Lotus and cream| 8| Figure 9: Level of used fragrance of the soap by the respondents When we are conducting our survey, we find that 10 % people use peach and cream, 23% people use fresh splash, 40% use sandal and cream and 27% use purple lotus and cream. During the time to discussion with participants we noticed that people have used almost every fragrances of LUX time to time, finally they chose their favorite one and most of the people like sandal and cream because they feel that this fragrance may keep their skin more natural and healthy. 8. Which size of LUX soap you use? Options| No of respondents| Small| 0| Medium| 25| Large| 5| Figure 10: Level of size of the soap used by the respondents From the survey we found that 17% of the respondents use large size of the soap whether 83% of the respondents use medium size of the soap. When discussing the size of LUX being used by the people, many respondents told that not for regular use but during journey they use small size of LUX because it is easy to carry. 9. In your opinion which type of skin care you get from this soap? Options| No of respondents| Clean| 1| Glow| 0| Soft| 0| Perfumed| 29| All| 0| Figure 11: Level of skin care derived from LUX by the respondents 3% respondents said that in their opinion LUX soap keeps their skin clean and according to 97% people, LUX keeps the skin perfumed. Here we can see most of the people think that the perfume of LUX is the most popular skin care they have got from the soap. 10. Do you think LUX should introduce more products? Options| No of Respondents| Yes| 8| No| 22| Figure 12: Level of need for introducing new products of LUX of the respondents Here 27% people thinks that LUX should introduce more products like LUX face wash, LUX body powder because of its unique fragrance and rest of the people, 73% thinks that there is no need to introduce more products of LUX. 11. From which source you have got information about LUX soap? Options| No of respondents| TV advertisement| 14| Newspaper| 4| Promotional Events| 2| Bill board| 10| Friends and relatives| 0| Figure 13: Level of sources of information about LUX 47% people have got information about LUX soap via TV advertisement, 13% people got information by Newspaper, 7% people know about LUX from promotional events and remaining 33% got information by the huge billboards of LUX advertisement. 12. What do you think about the promotional activities of LUX? Options| No of respondents| Perfect| 8| Sufficient| 22| Not enough| 0| Figure 14: Level of opinions about promotional activities of LUX From the survey we found that 73% agree that the promotional activity of LUX is sufficient, they think LUX don’t need to give extra focus on their promotion activities and 27 % people voted that the promotional activity of LUX is perfect. 13. Do you think the price of LUX is affordable? Options| No of Respondents| Yes| 20| No| 10| Figure 15: Level of satisfaction about the price of LUX by the respondents 67% respondents think that the price of LUX is affordable and remaining 33% think that the price of LUX should be reduced. 14. Are you satisfied with the availability of this soap? Options| No of Respondents| Yes| 29| No| 1| Figure 16: Level of satisfaction about the availability of LUX by the respondents Almost all the respondents agree that the availability of LUX is up to the satisfaction level and only one respondent disagree with the availability of LUX. 15. Your overall satisfaction about using LUX†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Options| No of respondents| Strongly satisfied| 2| Satisfied| 26| Less Satisfied| 2| Not Satisfied| 0| Figure 17: Level of overall satisfaction about the performance of LUX by the respondents The customer is asked to evaluate each statement and in term of their perception and expectation of performance of LUX. 87% people are satisfied with the overall performance of LUX, 7% people are strongly satisfied with this brand and 6% agree that they are less satisfied with the performance of this soap. The less satisfied respondents give cause about their less satisfaction is the proportion of Alkali in the soap makes skin rough and LUX should reduce their price as it is used by every level of classes. 5. Major Findings 1. They are more focused about their Promotional activities. 2. The proportion of Alkali is too much high and makes skin rough. 3. They are not so focused about the quality improvement. 4. Most of the people uses LUX because of its unique fragrance no one uses LUX for skin care. 5. Dove is the strongest internal competitor of LUX and Sandelina is the external strongest competitor in Bangladesh. 6. Some people expect that LUX will introduce more products of LUX like Face wash and body powder. 7. As every class of people use LUX, respondents think that the price of LUX should be reduced. 8. Sandal and Cream is the most used fragrance of LUX in Bangladesh. 9. Most people get information about LUX from TV advertisement. 10. People are satisfied with size of LUX Soap. 6. Conclusion LUX has been operates its business for many years in Bangladesh where each and every person knows brand quality and different product of it and consumers are also aware about the different strategies which are used to  attract more consumers to buy the product but still it has lacking to survive in the market. From the above analysis it’s been conclude that Bangladesh Unilever Limited facing competition from the other companies. Thus to keep its market share for the growth in their business it should focus on quality management and improvement to achieve its objective. However LUX soap should penetrate the market in order to survive in this competitive world and also introduce some new product with the reasonable range in order to increase its sale and which will have greater impact on their sale. However marketing activity should also be consider throughout which will result in gaining competitive advantage from its competitors. 7. Recommendation * Most of the respondents suggested that they would like to see more Fragrance of LUX Soap. * In order to increase more sales LUX should concentrate on appropriate reduction of cost which will directly lead to gain leadership in price. * By hiring famous stars LUX is investing huge amount to promote their products. Our suggestion will be now LUX should discontinue spending huge amount in promotional activities. * LUX Will also have to do product development for the product line extension. * As this soap makes skin rough enough; we think LUX should invest more to improve the quality of LUX soap rather than promotional activities. Or else it can lose its market at any time because there are many strong competitors in soap market. * LUX can introduce more products like- Face Wash; Body Powder etc as this product cover a huge and different market segment. 8. Bibliography www.google.com.bd www.unilever.com.bd www.unilever.com/brands-in-action www.lux.com www.hul.co.in www.luxnaturals.com en.wikipedia.org 9. Appendix Questionnaire A study on â€Å"Customer satisfaction about marketing mix of LUX Soap† Respondent Name: Age: Occupation Work Place: Income: around †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1. Are you happy with this Brand? a) Yes b) No If No please specify †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2. Which features do you like most? a) Color b) Shape c) Price d) Fragrance e) Others (please Specify) 3. Do you like to add any other aroma? a) Neem b) Lemon c) Orange d) Strawberry e) Rose f) Others (please Specify) 4. Which brand is the strong competitor of LUX (In your opinion)? a) Dove b) Sandelina c) Meril d) Tibet e) Dettol f) Others (please Specify) 5. Are you satisfied with the quality of this Soap? a) Yes b) No (explain†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.) 6. For how long you have been using LUX? a. Below 2 year b. Between 5 to 10 year c. Over 10 year 7. Which type of fragrance you have used in LUX? a. Peach and Cream b. Fresh Splash c. Sandal & Cream d. Purple Lotus & Cream 8. Which size of LUX soap you use? a) Large b) Medium c) Small 9. In your opinion which type of skin care you get from this soap? a) Clean b) Glow c) Soft d) Perfumed e) All 10. Do you think LUX should introduce more products? a) Yes (please specify†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..) b) No 11. From which source you have got information about LUX soap? a) TV advertisement b) Newspaper c) Promotional events d) Billboards e) Friends and relatives 12. What do you think these promotional activities of LUX? a) Perfect b) Sufficient c) Not enough 13. Do you think the price of LUX is affordable? a) Yes b) No 14. Are you satisfied with the availability of this soap? a) Yes b) No 15. Your overall satisfaction about using LUX †¦. a) Strongly satisfied b) Satisfied c) Less satisfied d) Not satisfied

To Kill a Mockingbird Quote Analysis

Reading Log: To Kill a Mockingbird, Chapters 5-7 â€Å"Then I saw the shadow†¦the shadow of a man with a hat on†¦the shadow, crisp and toast moved across the porch towards Jem.. When it crossed Jem†¦ he went rigid. † (53) The context of this quote is during their sneaky trip to Boo Radley’s house. This was the last day Dill was going to stay in Maycomb for this year, so they decided to take a quick peek at Radley Place by creeping around the house and looking through the side windows. As they are take a quick peek, the see the shadow of what they think is Boo with a hat on. They go numb with fear, and run for it.As they are leaving the area from under a fence, they hear a shotgun go off from Radley Place. The quote of narration from Scout accurately describes the kind of fear that the neighborhood legends give to the kids. The description, â€Å" He (Jem) put his arms over his head and went rigid† (53), shows how bloated up of a character Boo Radle y is. They do not even know if this shadow is Boo, however they are frozen with fear. However, after this event occurs, the little gifts that begin to appear in the tree leads the reader to make an educated guess that it is Boo Radley who is constantly giving these gifts.Since they used deductive reasoning to believe that it couldn’t have been Miss Maudie or any other person in Maycomb, they only other person in their neighborhood that came to mind was Boo Radley. Also, to enforce their conclusion that it was Boo Radley who was giving the gifts was when Nathan Radley cemented the hole in the tree. The series of gifts ending up in the tree molded Boo’s character into a more human-like personality. Miss. Maudie also told Scout that Boo used to be a nice boy who only became supposedly â€Å"insane† because of his family.She stated that Boo’s family was extremely religious and drove Boo insane when his father was constantly obsessed with â€Å"sin†. Sc out now has more sympathy for Boo, who is now a poor man who was abused as child, rather than a freak of nature who eats squirrels. Boo symbolizes the growth of Scout more mature perspective of the world. The quote represents Scouts (as well as Jem’s and Dill’s) childish mentality, and sets the framework for Scouts growth of maturity. I have a story that is eerily similar to this one. Several blocks down, we had a lady who never came out of the house.The legend in our townhome complex was that two of the kids only saw her face once, and she yelled at them the moment she saw them. She also supposedly looked like a witch, which was definitely a credible description for us 8 year-olds. Soon enough, we set out to see her face once more. The whole pack of us, about 6 people, stood in front of her house while one of us rang the doorbell several times consecutively to bait her out of her house. As we starting sprinting for our lives, we heard the loudest yelling we had ever h eard.Our fear of her had spiked up exponentially. But obviously, we needed to this again tomorrow. Same plan, same time, and we went underway. However, this time, we decided to hide behind some bushes adjacent to her house. Fifteen seconds later, she came out in a wheelchair with an oxygen tank beneath her. Our fear had turned to shame and sympathy immediately. The lie of her looking like a witch represents the legends of Boo having fangs and eating cats, and the sympathy we had for this lady in her wheelchair represents Boo having an abusive family as a child.

News Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

News Article - Essay Example He did not like to sacrifice the lives of his militants. President Bashar al-Assad can preserve and foster his power all well. He does not want to lose. In spite of the UN attempts to stop 13 months bloodshed in Syria, a cruel and a stubborn leader continues his policy. This point of view is often promoted in the media. In reality, a current position of Syria presents an international hazard and the most powerful countries of the world try to cease fire in that country. There are oppressed masses of people in Syria and the international community insists on tyrannical power. The President has already sacrificed 9,000 of Syrian lives (Coughlin, 2012). Assad is concerned about preservation of his power only, because he has been kept it for the past 40 years. Assad has obtained too much rivals, which are very strong and diplomatic relationships may be a great challenge for Assad. Syria is involved in the complex relationships with Iran and at this point it is appropriate for Assad to adopt a bold strategy of Alexander the Great, when he implemented the ideas of his rivals. Regime in Damascus is an intimidating factor for the international community. Therefore, Assad has global intentions and tries to implement his policy in order to extend the limits of his country. A global way of thinking was relevant to Alexander the Great too. Both of these leaders implemented their military plans as soon as possible. An establishment of the great empire has always been the main aim for Alexander as it is for Assad. There is no doubt, that Alexander the Great was a perfect leader, but he was much worried about the territory of his country and he did not care much about its inhabitants. People were like means, which he used to reach his goals. Unlike previous rulers from the Assad family, Bashar is unable to provide the country with the political stability. Mass protests are not scaring for the

TROUBLE BREWS AT STARBUCKS--Case Study Case Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

TROUBLE BREWS AT STARBUCKS-- - Case Study Example Essentially, the 5Cs analysis, which was initially the 3Cs strategy, includes elements such as customer, company, collaborators, climate and competitors. The key aspects that Schultz had in mind were customer, competitors, and the company itself in order for the vision to expand Starbucks to be realistic. In essence, Schultz intended for Starbucks to serve coffee at its outlets with the same taste of that made at home and factored in the growing competition from entrants such as McDonalds, which was winning its customer base. The main target market for Starbucks as part of this vision was to be the people that prefer to brew their coffee from home because not many chain stores served coffee that was of their desired quality. The value positioning to customers would be that Starbucks would be able to serve coffee that was the same as that brewed at home hence saving their customers the hustle of having to only rely on home ground coffee with the taste that they know. Additionally, Schultz also examined Starbucks position and sought to remain relevant in the market by providing its needs and meeting customer satisfaction while register ing profits. Schultz vision met resistances, but Starbucks later bought into the idea in which the first step in implementation based on the 4Ps marketing mix was to create a place or atmosphere that customers would relax in. The idea was to create the third place after home and work where their target market would enjoy the ambience of Starbucks while sipping on a cup of coffee (3). The ambience of the ‘third place’ included the access to music, books, and movies as part of its product delivery options, which was successful in increasing customer flow to their stores (7). The other factor was that Starbucks also targeted areas with heavy population flow such as airports, which succeeded in capturing a wider target market. Secondly, Starbucks also trained its staff on the

Outline of research paper Impact of the Internet on a Small Business Assignment

Outline of research paper Impact of the Internet on a Small Business - Assignment Example Poon (1997) also discussed some research findings regarding competitive advantage and the extent to which the Internet helps in achieving that advantage. The Net Imperative (2009) and other Internet sources were also used as references in making their findings enhanced the contents of this paper. The rest of the paper includes the perspectives and interpretation of the researcher based on the sources used, both offline and online. Among the major findings of the research suggest that the positive impacts outweigh those of the negative. According to Poon (1997), the Internet affects small businesses especially inter-organizational and enterprise-to-consumer because IT costs are relatively low and efficient. Furthermore, the Internet also intensifies relations with trading partners by requesting quotes or perishable stocks of goods through online auction (The Net Imperative, 1999). In addition, the Internet is also a major help in locating and purchasing resources from distant market while it lessens the costs of marketing because it lessens the overseas taxes. In other cases, off-shoring is also a positive impact of the Internet because small companies with high operating cost in their home country can venture into overseas business in countries with lower operational costs. On the contrary, the research also reported the negative impact of Internet in terms of the company’s competitive advantage over b ig industries since both engage in Internet marketing and operations, as well. Lastly, Internet security is also a negative impact since information about the company, as well as its transactions and strategies, are also available via websites and blogs. The Internet has both positive and negative impacts to small businesses. The positive impacts outweigh the negative. Therefore, the Internet is a vital tool in today’s

Marketing Mix and Market Segmentation Research Paper

Marketing Mix and Market Segmentation - Research Paper Example They will be priced at $3.00 for the 250-gram burger. The company will establish restaurants in different locations where the burgers can be marketed. Customers will also have the opportunity to order the burgers from online platforms, both television and billboards will be used as the main marketing strategies integrated closely with digital marketing. Environmental factors such as social, economic, competitive, regulatory, and technological factors will affect the strategies developed in the marketing of the beef burgers. Evidently, there are ethical issues associated with the sale of beef burgers such as the need for companies to consider self-regulation in food advertisements as well as the promotion of quality and healthy foods. The business will also need to exhibit social responsibility by participating in the campaign against obesity (KoÃ… ¡Ãƒ ºtovà ¡ & Jarossovà ¡, 2014). If the business succeeds in the local market, there are opportunities for expanding into foreign markets after a critical market analysis. After considering the facts in this report, it is recommended that the beef burger business is a viable product that will register increased profitability in the future. The 4Ps represent one of the commonest and regularly used marketing mix approaches. The 4Ps approach was developed in 1960 and has been in use over the years. The 4Ps denote the product, price, promotion, and the place. Product: The beef burgers that will be sold will promote healthy eating and will have a diverse nutritional composition with the brand name H-beef burgers. The burgers will comprise of 100% pure ground beef that will be seasoned using pepper and salt. Other varieties will have cheese, onions, and other types of seasonings. The beef burger will provide energy, protein, carbohydrates, sugar, fat, dietary fiber, and sodium (Mckeown & Werner, 2010). The smallest size of  the burger will be 250 grams, which will represent a single serving.  

Corporate Governance and Ethical Responsibility Research Paper

Corporate Governance and Ethical Responsibility - Research Paper Example 46; Wolper, 2004, pp. 164). Based on their relationship to the organization, external stakeholders may be categorized as input providers, competitors, and special interest group (Wolper, 2004, pp. 161-163). Following the above definitions, three internal and external stakeholders that Dr. DoRight might have to deal daily at the Universal Human Care Hospital are its doctors and nurses, its patients and the pharmaceutical companies. The doctors and nurses, being employees of the hospital, bound by its VMG and policies are expected to provide satisfactory healthcare; thus, they are considered internal stakeholders. The patients, being one of the hospital’s input providers based on their interest to get proper medication at a reasonable rate, and the pharmaceutical companies, being one of the hospital’s suppliers, which are expected to supply safe and effective drugs and other medical paraphernalia, are both considered external stakeholders. As the hired hospital president tasked to supervise and monitor the hospital’s 5,000 workforces to address the hospital’s various stakeholders, Dr. DoRight’s duty of loyalty to doctors and nurses is to ensure that they do their jobs responsibly. As such their illegal activities and negligence must be stopped, because failure to do so would jeopardize the integrity of the hospital that would consequently harm the corporation’s interest. As defined in the American corporate law tradition, â€Å"the duty of loyalty is the obligation to act in good faith to advance the best interests of the corporation† (Strine, Hamermesh, Balotti & Gorris, 2009, p. ii). In short, whatever Dr. DoRight does should be for the best interest of the hospital provided it does not violate the constitution and federal and universal laws (Palmiter, 2010). To hospital patients, Dr. DoRight’s duty of loyalty is to ensure that they get safe and sound healthcare. Such is in the best interest of the corpora tion, because by providing effective and safe healthcare, the hospital is not only living to its sworn VMG but could also increase patient patronage that could mean greater profit. To pharmaceutical companies, Dr. DoRight’s duty of loyalty is to act in good faith by transacting with these companies only as authorized by the hospital’s Board of Directors and only in pursuit for the best interest of the hospital. For example, Dr. DoRight should not endorse pharmaceutical products that are not needed by the hospital, that are unsafe or overpriced; even if his endorsement would earn him a considerable commission. Thus Dr. DoRight should put the interest of the hospital above his own personal interest. 2. Potential Conflicts of Interest between Internal and External Stakeholders Stakeholders’ interests may not always conform to each other, primarily due to the different roles each play in the organization. Thus Dr. DoRight may confront an in-role conflict between his duties of loyalty to doctors and nurses and to patients in Universal Human Care Hospital. As the investigation of the illegal procedures and negligence of the hospital’s doctors and nurses drags on for two years, patients remain untreated effectively causing their deaths. Dr. DoRight, knowing that both parties have fundamental rights – the right of doctors and nurses to fair investigation and the rights of patients to safe and effective

SOCIAL MEDIA CAMPAIGN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SOCIAL MEDIA CAMPAIGN - Essay Example Before creating an effective campaign, you need to understand people or the customers that you are trying to reach. This Understanding needs to go beyond the common demographic information, and that is in terms of education age and gender. For instance, by implementing thoughtful an effective social media campaign, try to adopt the latest media site so as to reach a lot of people. Always the desire to promote a one on one talk should be there (creative, retrieved on March 3, 2015). Social media is all about engaging and participating, monitoring and listening and then pushing forward to achieve your goal. Having a plan, the next thing is to create the content. Social media competition is all about the content of the product or service given. Great content is achieved through understanding your space on the social media and uncovering trends. Finally, be clear in order to offer a fresh perspective too. This will promote the business and intern raise your ranking on the site. With the content at hand, there will be a need to determine where the content will be on the site. Position of the content on the site helps customer know where to find what they need. URL, title tag, the writers of content are just but the example of what customer will find there. With the three steps above; you will need to spread or have an advertisement of it. Creating optimal is achieved by making sure that the information is shared quickly with a click of a button. A repacked message being at the fingertips, it will be easy for someone to share the information with a friend but only if the information is relevant, interesting and exciting. It is time for the content you have to get the promotion in this section. The main goal here is to build links that will promote directly the new content rather than linking directly to the sites homepage. It can be achieved by announcing the content on the social sites and promoting the it via social media and finally posting a

McKenzie Corporations Capital Budgeting Assignment

McKenzie Corporations Capital Budgeting - Assignment Example It is of immense importance that one gets the knowledge on the market as well as comprehends the nature of the economy. Based on the calculated values the stockholders are better off with an expansion in the company. This is because the value is higher by $9 million that implies that the firm's value, as well as the profits, would increase. Question 2 Debt of Company - $34 million Expected value of debt without the expansion = 0.30*34 + 0.50*34 + 0.20*34 = $34 million. The expansion is fully financed by equity this implies that the debt does not change. Therefore, the value of expected debt will remain the same with no changes. Question 3 Expected value of the company without expansion =E (value of company) =P (Low)*V (Low) +P (Normal)*V (Normal) + P (High)*V (High) =0.3*30 +0.5*35 + 0.2*51 = $36.7 million Expected value of the company with expansion =E (value of company) =P (Low)*V (Low) + P (Normal)*V (Normal) +P (High)*V (High) - Cost of financing = .30*33 + .50*46 + .20*64 -8.4 = $ 37.3 million The value of debt remains the same this implies that the additional value would be for the stockholders. The value expected for the stockholders = 0.6 million while the expected value for the bondholders =0. Change in the expected net Value due to the expansion =37.3 - 36.7= 0.6 million Question 4 An expansion of the company there will lead to a decrease in debt to equity ratio as well as long-term risk of the company. This is because the equity of the company will rise. The bond value, as well as the price of bonds for the company, will increase. This will also be accompanied by an increase in the profits to both stockholders as well as bondholders of the company (Ross, 390). Without an expansion, the value of bonds in the company will not change. The status of the bondholders remains unchanged, as well. The value of the debt remains as $34 million. Question 5 Without expansion, the equity of the company remains the same in the next year as in the current year. This is since additional capital will not be necessary if there is no expansion. Debt is, therefore, not of the essence in both the present and the future the company as it will not be able to borrow (Ross, 390). This will be in the case where the company continues to decrease their current debt. The company will not have greater equity in the next year once the debt covenants are over. This implies that the company will not access the financing it needs to expand. If the company expands, it will not be able to raise the debt. This is because they are prohibited from issuing any additional borrowing. They would then need to do the expansion by means of equity

Allegory of the Cave Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Allegory of the Cave - Essay Example I have personally been caught up in a cave situation with the belief in the stereotype that men do better academically than women. This is a stereotype I had lived with for long time and would usually feel agitated to find women classmates beat me in my fourth grade. The thinking that women are inferior in academics compared to men is indeed a stereotype because some women have achieved great academic success than me. I see my situation similar to Plato’s case when some human figures remain chained under the caves, away from light and that life is indeed civilized and enjoyable. The human figures under the cave live as prisoners and some new intervention is needed to get these people out of their current lives to enjoying all the good things that life has to offer (Plato, Cowley & Tantor Media, 2011). It was until I joined a study group that I came to realize that women shared the same wisdom that men did and no gender was of less importance. I came to the realization that performance in academic is all about hard work, passion, and dedication and not about gender. Joining the group was such a powerful intervention to my stereotype cave because I saw with my own eyes, women take over responsibility and do work in the same manner a man would. The woman leader led the groups to great discussions, alignment, and presentations and we were able to beat all other groups, even others led by men. This challenged my stereotypic thinking and prompted change to the way I perceived women. My change process came in three major steps. First was the realization of the stereotypical cave I was living in (Farahar & Zahra Pictures, 2006). Here I realized that I was living with beliefs that were no longer applicable in a civilized society. Second was the desire to change. Here I decided to change t his was my first step in getting out of the cave. The third step was to join a movement that would assist me get out of the cave completely. I

Pproperty investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Pproperty investment - Essay Example In the past three years, as compared to the previous three years, Property Unit Trust (PUTs) which is a pooled property fund in UK had raised more than ? 7.7 billion of new investment, which is more than six times of the net investments received. In the year 2006 alone, property funds have received ? 3.6 billion into property funds. (Bottle & Key 2007). Thus, indirect investment in UK is gaining momentum and this research essay researches into various features of the same in detail. Analysis of indirect investments in real estates in UK â€Å"Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT)† Sampson (2010, p 50) states that â€Å"Real Estate Investment Trust â€Å"surprisingly established very late in certain markets like UK. It took nearly five decades to introduce REITs in UK after it was introduced 1960 in US market. The fundamental concept of a REIT is spotless as investors are expected to invest in an investment vehicle and then later, fund will go for shopping and invest in various top notched prime properties. Thus, a participating interest in a portfolio of tangible assets by an investor is mirrored by a share owned in REITs. Madlem & Sykes (2000, p 284) argue that REITs are trusts or publicly traded companies that coalesce the investments of many investors for the purchase, development and administration of commercial real estate. A REIT is like a mutual fund which is meant for real estate investment only. Investors are benefited from the professionally diversified, managed portfolios and REITs shares are traded on national stock exchanges. RIETs have surfaced as a significant financial intermediary and still in the developing process in the field of domestic capital markets of UK. Due to high dividend yields in RIETs sector, investors are more attracted, which is higher than those offered by government securities. Madlem & Sykes (2000, p 284) are of the opinion that REITs are always a preferred investment destination to investors as it offers higher yield s and also since real estate’s have customarily been a good performer even during inflationary phases. Real estate companies, which see this as a passionate source of low-cost capital that could be made in the capital markets and later could reap huge capital appreciation due to increase in prices of properties. Thus, this has resulted in rapid growth on the part of real estate companies, and investors enjoyed a record-breaking growth rate in the REITs. Block (2006, p 8) stresses that REITs have offered individual investors all over UK with a mean to purchase shopping malls, skyscrapers, apartment buildings, hotel and any variety of commercial real estate one can imagine of. REITs offer the predictable and steady cash flow from the leases of real estates, but with advantages of liquidity of a common stock. As part of their ongoing real estate business, REITs usually offer access to capital, which can be employed to purchase additional properties. Madlem & Sykes (2000, p284) a rgues that an investment in real estate has been always regarded as a solid investment. However, like all other assets, it travels in cycles. Due to the global economic crisis in 2007, the commercial real estate around the globe including UK witnessed serious setbacks. As a result, new construction activities have come to stand still. This